全球盐湖卤水锂矿床的分布特征及其控制因素  

Distribution Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Lithium Brine Deposits in the World

作　　者：高春亮[1,2] 余俊清 闵秀云[1] 成艾颖 张丽莎[1,2] GAO Chun-liang;YU Jun-qing;MIN Xiu-yun;CHENG Ai-ying;ZHANG Li-sha(Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources,Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining,810008,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes,Xining,810008,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院青海盐湖研究所,中国科学院盐湖资源综合高效利用重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [2]青海省盐湖地质与环境重点实验室,青海西宁810008

出　　处：《盐湖研究》2020年第4期48-55,共8页Journal of Salt Lake Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41501052,U1407206,41471013);青海省自然科学基金项目(2017-ZJ-928Q)共同资助。

摘　　要：盐湖卤水锂资源占全球锂矿总储量的78%,是全球最重要的一种锂矿床类型。研究并总结了全球盐湖卤水型锂矿床的分布特征、物质来源以及成矿规律,并提出了盐湖卤水型锂矿床成矿模型。研究发现,卤水型锂矿床的形成均受控于新构造运动、封闭-半封闭的低洼汇水盆地以及极端干旱的气候条件等因素,所有卤水型锂矿床均与新生代地质水热活动有密切关联,成矿物质特别是锂元素主要来源于火山喷发岩,经热泉水、温泉水以及大气降水等的水-岩作用后迁移富集。As the most important type of lithium deposits in the world,78%of lithium brine resources are in the salt lakes.The paper focused on the distribution characteristics,material source and ore-forming mechanism of lithium brine deposit in the world,and gave the deposit model of lithium brine.The results showed that all lithium brine deposits are controlled by neotectonics,enclosed/semi-enclosed low catchment basin and hyper-arid climate conditions,and related to the Cenozoic geological hydrothermal activities.The ore-forming materials,especially lithium element,are derived from volcanic,which were migrated and enriched after water-rock interaction by hydrothermal spring water and atmospheric precipitation.

关 键 词：卤水锂矿床 水热活动 分布特征 锂矿床模型 青藏高原 

分 类 号：P612[天文地球—矿床学] P618.71[天文地球—地质学]