基于头骨形态指标的新疆野兔年龄鉴定  

Age identification of Xinjiang hare based on skull morphology indexes

作　　者：代慧英 单文娟[1] DAI Huiying;SHAN Wenjuan(Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering,College of Life Science and Technology,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院/新疆生物资源基因工程重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2021年第1期138-141,共4页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“新疆兔属物种的分类及系统发育关系”(31860599)。

摘　　要：为了解新疆野兔的种群年龄结构,从头骨计量学方面探讨新疆野兔的年龄鉴定依据,试验用碱腐蚀法将采自新疆不同生境中的139例兔属样本的头骨制作成标本,测量6项头骨指标并进行性别差异分析和主成分分析,制作不同生境野兔的颅全长频数分布图,划分年龄组,分析分布形式。结果表明:6项头骨变量均无性别差异,颅全长是最具有代表性的生长指标,不同生境野兔的颅全长频数分布图明显呈两头低、中间高的分布形式,根据颅全长频数分布图划分了幼年组、亚成年组、成年组、老年组,且亚成年组和成年组个体较多,而幼年组和老年组数量较少。说明以颅全长鉴定兔属动物年龄的方法是可行且可靠的。不同生境中野兔的颅全长存在一定差异,推测这可能与气候、海拔等自然因素有关。不同年龄组分布结构表明目前新疆野兔种群数量呈稳定增长模式。In order to understand the age structure of Xinjiang hare and to explore an evidence of age identification on Xinjiang hare from skull metrology,139 hare skull specimens were made in this experiment by alkaline etching method,which were collected from different habitats in Xinjiang. Six skull indexes were measured, and sex difference analysis and principal component analysis were carried out. Frequency distribution of skull length,age group division,and distribution form on the hare from different habitats were executed. The results showed that there was no gender difference in 6 skull indexes. The skull length was the most representative indicators of growth. Frequency distribution of hare skull length from different habitats obviously presented a form of being low at both ends and high in the middle. According to the frequency distribution of skull length,youth group,sub-adult group,adult group,and elderly group were divided. Sub-adult group and adult group had more individuals,while youth group and elderly group had fewer. The results suggested that the skull length method is feasible and reliable for hare age identification. Hare skull length had a certain difference in different habitats,which was speculated that it may have a relationship with natural factors such as climate,altitude. The distribution structure of different age groups demonstrated the hare population in Xinjiang has a stable growth pattern at present.

关 键 词：头骨形态 新疆野兔 年龄鉴定 颅全长 指标 种群年龄组成 

分 类 号：S852.15[农业科学—基础兽医学]