从监管与消费需求角度分析哈尔滨道外花鸟鱼市场野鸟贩卖的变化  

Analysis of Changes in Wild Bird Sales in the Daowai Bird Market from the Perspectives of Regulation and Consumer Demand

作　　者：向晨旭 陈睿涵 刘睿[1] 刘新宇[1] 李翔[1] 付昌健 邢晓莹[1] XIANG Chenxu;CHEN Ruihan;LIU Rui;LIU Xinyu;LI Xiang;FU Changjian;XING Xiaoying(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《四川动物》2021年第2期210-219,共10页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2572019BE05);国家自然科学基金项目(31501867);东北林业大学大学生创新训练项目(201910225247)。

摘　　要：非法贸易威胁野鸟的生存与种群稳定,而市场监管与消费需求均影响着野鸟贩卖的趋势,因此探究这2种因素对野鸟贩卖的影响是鸟类保护的重要工作。道外花鸟鱼市场是哈尔滨市最大的鸟类交易中心,2017年调查发现,野鸟占总贸易量的92.3%,当地监管部门于2018年开展多次治理整顿。本研究通过对比治理前后的野鸟贩卖、同时结合市区笼养鸟的种类与数量调查,综合分析市场监管与消费者需求对道外鸟市野鸟贩卖的影响。结果发现:(1)2018年共记录到鸟类2目28科73属111种,其中,野鸟2目27科67属103种,占92.8%;野鸟数量11613只,占总贸易量的55.4%。(2)影响2018年总贸易量波动的主要因素是购买需求从野鸟转向人工驯养繁殖鸟种。对比2017年与2018年鸟种贩卖的差异,南方鸟种与人工驯养繁殖鸟类贸易量具显著的年际变化差异。(3)哈尔滨市民笼养鸟常见的种类与鸟市贩卖最多鸟种一致:黄雀Spinus spinus在鸟市中的贸易量与市民饲养量均位居第一。研究结果说明,市场整顿后道外鸟市的野鸟贸易量显著降低,说明当地监管部门对打击野鸟贩卖具有积极作用,同时市民购买和养鸟的需求显著影响鸟市贩卖野鸟的种类与数量。但是,本研究并未收集以其他方式进行野鸟交易的数据,因此不排除商铺公开贩售转为私下等交易的情况,例如哈尔滨“4·21”非法贸易野鸟案查没的野鸟数量达2936只,占本次调查的25.3%,这说明野鸟贩卖方式多样。建议管理部门在今后的执法中严厉打击非公开交易的野鸟贩卖。Illegal trade threatens the survival and population stability of wild birds,and both market regulation and consumer demand influence the trend of wild bird trafficking.Therefore,exploring the influences of market regulation and consumer demand on wild bird trafficking are important for bird protection.The Daowai Bird Market is the largest bird trading center in Harbin City.Previous survey conducted in 2017 showed that wild birds accounted for 92.3%of the total bird species sold,and the local regulatory authorities carried out several rectification measures in 2018.By comparing wild bird selling before and after treatment and combining with the investigation of the species and quantity of caged birds in urban areas,this study comprehensively analyzed the influence of market regulation and consumer demand on wild bird selling in the Daowai Bird Market.The results showed that:(1)In 2018,there were 111 bird species(belonging to 73 genera,28 families and 2 orders)including 103 wild species(belonging to 67 genera,27 families and 2 orders)accounted for 92.8%of the total,and 11613 wild birds individuals accounted for 55.4%of the total numbers were recorded.(2)The main factor influencing the fluctuation of the total trade volume in 2018 was the demand has shifted from wild birds to artificially domesticated breeding birds.Compared with the differences of bird trafficking in 2017 and 2018,there were significant inter annual differences between southern bird species and artificially domesticated breeding birds.(3)The common species of caged birds in Harbin was consistent with the most sold bird species in the bird market.Spinus spinus was the No.1 bird species traded in the market and raised by the citizens.These findings revealed that the quantity of wild birds sold in the Daowai Bird Market has decreased significantly after market-rectification,indicative of the positive role of the local regulatory authorities in combating wild bird selling,and the significant impact of citizens demand for buying and raising birds on the

关 键 词：野鸟贩卖 市场监管 消费需求 鸟类保护 

分 类 号：Q959.7[生物学—动物学]