生物质炭与化肥配施对连作黄瓜产量及肥料利用率的影响  

Effects of Biochar Combined with Fertilizer on Cucumber Yield and Fertilizer Use Efficiency Under Continuous Cropping

作　　者：张志龙 陈效民[1] 李小萌 曲成闯 张俊 黄春燕 刘云梅 ZHANG Zhilong;CHEN Xiaomin;LI Xiaomeng;QU Chengchuang;ZHANG Jun;HUANG Chunyan;LIU Yunmei(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Rugao Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Rugao,Jiangsu 226500,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095 [2]如皋市农业科学研究所,江苏如皋226500

出　　处：《土壤》2021年第1期47-54,共8页Soils

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200305);土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验项目(Y20160038);中国博士后基金项目(2016M591884)资助。

摘　　要：在如皋农科所进行黄瓜大棚试验,设置按常规施肥(计为100%,F)、减肥10%(F-10%)和减肥20%(F-20%)3个施肥水平,每个施肥水平下设置生物质炭添加量为0 t/hm^(2)(CK)、5 t/hm^(2)(C1)、10 t/hm^(2)(C2)、20 t/hm^(2)(C3)、30 t/hm^(2)(C4)和40 t/hm^(2)(C5)6个处理,以CK和CF(不施生物质炭也不施化肥)处理为对照,测定和分析黄瓜产量以及肥料利用率等相关参数。结果表明,在同一施肥水平下,与CK处理相比,添加生物质炭的处理组中黄瓜产量、肥料利用率及相关指标均达到显著增加水平(P<0.05),C5处理的黄瓜产量和氮、磷、钾肥料利用率均达到最大值。C5处理的黄瓜产量和氮、磷、钾肥料利用率在F处理水平下分别为27.60 t/hm^(2)、23.75%、3.62%和24.85%,与CK处理相比,分别提高了59.67%、337.44%、177.94%和120.69%;在F-10%水平下分别比CK处理提高了73.88%、163.82%、234.33%和183.24%;在F-20%水平下分别比CK处理提高了82.10%、148.73%、246.46%和215.66%。在相同生物质炭添加量的处理中,化肥减施没有造成C2、C3、C4和C5处理中的黄瓜产量降低,而肥料利用率均呈上升趋势,在F-20%处理水平下达到最高,其与传统施肥相比,CK、C1、C2、C3、C4和C5的氮肥利用率分别提高了135.42%、145.96%、116.94%、70.47%、63.33%和33.86%,磷肥利用率分别提高了69.26%、57.31%、59.78%、27.90%、67.91%和110.99%,钾肥利用率分别提高了27.90%、99.55%、84.75%、62.97%、60.91%和82.94%。本试验研究表明,生物质炭与化肥配施是减缓连作障碍的有效途径。The effects of biochar combined with fertilizer on cucumber yield and fertilizer use efficiency were investigated by a field experiment in order to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of fertilizer use efficiency and cucumber production.The field experiments were carried on the fluvo-aquic soil in Rugao city of Jiangsu Province,in which three fertilization levels were designed:1)traditional fertilization(F),2)reduce 10%fertilization(F-10%),and 3)reduce 20%fertilization(F-20%).For each fertilization level,six biochar application rates were setup(0,5,10,20,30 and 40 t/hm^(2),designated as CK,C1,C2,C3,C4 and C5,respectively),with CK and CF(no biochar and no fertilization)as control.The results showed that,compared with CK at all fertilization levels,biochar treatments significantly increased cucumber yield,fertilizer use efficiency and related indicators(P<0.05).At F fertilization level,cucumber yield and N,P and K fertilizer use efficiencies in C5 treatments were 27.60 t/hm^(2),23.75%,3.62%,and 24.85%,respectively,which increased by 59.67%,337.44%,177.94%and 120.69%compared with CK;At F-10%fertilization level,compared to CK,cucumber yield and N,P and K fertilizer use efficiencies in C5 treatments increased by 73.88%,163.82%,234.33%and 183.24%,respectively.At F-20%fertilization level,compared with CK,cucumber yield and N,P and K fertilizer use efficiencies in C5 treatments increased by 82.10%,148.73%,246.46%and 215.66%,respectively.In the same biochar rate treatments,cucumber yield was not reduced in C2,C3,C4 and C5 treatments,but the fertilizer use efficiency was significantly increased,which reached the highest at F-20%fertilization level,compared with F fertilization level,N fertilizer use efficiencies in CK,C1,C2,C3,C4 and C5 treatments increased by 135.42%,145.96%,116.94%,70.47%,63.33%and 33.86%respectively,P fertilizer use efficiencies increased by 69.26%,57.31%,59.78%,27.90%,67.91%and 110.99%,respectively,K fertilizer use efficiencies increased by 27.90%,99.55%,84.75%,62.97%,60.91%and 82.94%,respec

关 键 词：黄瓜产量 肥料利用率 农学效率 偏生产力 表观回收率 

分 类 号：S154.4[农业科学—土壤学] S157.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]