黄河流域主要梨园土壤养分丰缺状况  

Soil Nutrient Status in Main Pear Orchards of Yellow River Basin Area

作　　者：董彩霞 谢昶琰 李红旭[2] 王东升[3] 王少敏[4] 徐凌飞[5] 郭黄萍[6] 徐阳春 DONG Caixia;XIE Changyan;LI Hongxu;WANG Dongsheng;WANG Shaomin;XU Lingfei;GUO Huangping;XU Yangchun(Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes/Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Fruit Research Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China;Institute of Horticulture,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Shandong Institute of Pomology,Taian,Shandong 271000,China;College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Pomology Institute,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taigu,Shanxi 030815,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室/江苏省有机固体废弃物协同创新中心/教育部资源节约型肥料工程技术研究中心,南京210095 [2]甘肃省农业科学院果树科学研究所,兰州730070 [3]河南省农业科学院园艺研究所,郑州450002 [4]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000 [5]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [6]山西省农业科学院果树研究所,山西太谷030815

出　　处：《土壤》2021年第1期88-96,共9页Soils

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-28-10)资助。

摘　　要：在国家梨产业技术体系黄河流域5个综合试验站224个主产区梨园,采集树冠滴水线下0~20 cm土样用于土壤理化性状的分析。结果表明:除泰安试验站有20.0%梨园土壤pH处于3.95~5.34外,其余4个试验站梨园土壤pH均在6.62~7.82;90%以上梨园土壤有机质含量低于20 g/kg,其中24.1%梨园有机质含量低于10 g/kg。62.1%梨园土壤碱解氮含量低于60 mg/kg,且绝大多数低于90 mg/kg;约18%梨园土壤有效磷含量低于15 mg/kg,而43.3%梨园高于40 mg/kg;17.4%梨园土壤有效钾含量低于100 mg/kg,但有41.1%梨园高于200 mg/kg:梨园土壤有效磷钾富集现象明显。梨园土壤交换性钙、镁含量均较高,平均值分别达3073 mg/kg和219.8 mg/kg。土壤微量元素含量表现为:75%梨园有效铁含量低于10 mg/kg,27%左右梨园有效锰含量低于7 mg/kg,29.2%梨园有效铜含量低于1 mg/kg,30%左右梨园有效锌含量低于1 mg/kg;有效硼含量在0.25~1.0 mg/kg及>1 mg/kg范围的梨园分别约占57.6%和27.2%。针对上述梨园土壤养分含量特征,建议黄河流域梨栽培中应加强有机肥或有机物料的投入,提高土壤有机质含量,适量施用磷钾肥,重视补充微量元素铁、锰、锌、硼等。Five integrated experimental stations in the national pear industry technology system around Yellow River basin were selected,224 soil samples(0–20 cm)under tree canopy drip lines were collected,and their physiochemical properties were measured.The results showed that the average of soil pH was 6.62–7.82 except some soil samples in Taian Station whose pH was in the range of 3.95–5.34.More than 90%of the samples were less than 20 g/kg in organic matter,of which 24.1%less than 10 g/kg.62.1%of the samples were less than 60 mg/kg in available nitrogen,while vast majority lower than 90 mg/kg.18%of samples were less than 15 mg/kg in available phosphorus,while 43.3%more than 40 mg/kg.17.4%of samples were less than 100 mg/kg in available potassium,while 41.1%more than 200 mg/kg,which meant available phosphorus and potassium were abundant.The contents of exchangeable calcium and magnesium were higher,with the average contents of 3073 mg/kg and 219.8 mg/kg,respectively.75%of samples were lower than 10 mg/kg in available iron,about 27%of samples lower than 7 mg/kg in available manganese,29.2%of samples lower than 1 mg/kg in available copper,about 30%of samples lower than 1 mg/kg in available zinc.About 57.6%and 27.2%of samples were within the range of 0.25–1.0 mg/kg and>1 mg/kg in available boron,respectively.In view of the above nutrient content characteristics,it is suggested that pear orchards in the Yellow River Basin should pay more attention to the input of organic fertilizer or organic materials in order to increase soil organic matter content,and appropriately apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizers,meanwhile supply the fertilizers of trace elements such as iron,manganese,zinc,copper and boron.

关 键 词：黄河流域 梨园 土壤 养分丰缺 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]