冰糖橙果园土壤养分与果实品质关系的多元分析及优化方案  

Multivariate Analysis and Optimization of Relationship Between Soil Nutrients and Fruit Quality in C.sinensis(L.)Osbeck Orchard

作　　者：曹胜[1] 周卫军[1] 刘沛[1] 谭洁[1] 宋彪[1] CAO Sheng;ZHOU Weijun;LIU Pei;TAN Jie;SONG Biao(College of Resources and Environment,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙410128

出　　处：《土壤》2021年第1期97-104,共8页Soils

基　　金：现代农业(柑橘)产业技术体系专项基金(CARS-27)资助。

摘　　要：对湖南省74个冰糖橙果园土壤矿质养分和果实品质含量进行测定分析,运用R和LINGO软件多元统计分析筛选了影响果实品质因子的主要土壤养分因子,探明了果实品质最佳时的土壤养分优化方案。研究结果表明,调查果园中超过86.20%的样点果园土壤pH处于酸性至强酸性环境,65.52%的果园土壤缺钙,75.86%的果园缺镁,82.76%的果园缺硼。冰糖橙果实品质是多个土壤养分因子综合作用的结果,偏最小二乘回归分析表明对冰糖橙单果质量影响较大的因子为土壤碱解氮、交换性钙;果形指数主要受土壤有效磷、有效铜、有效锌和pH影响;可溶性固形物含量主要受有机质、有效铜、有效锌和pH影响;可滴定酸含量主要受土壤速效钾、有效硼和pH的影响;Vc含量主要受土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾、交换性镁和pH的影响。线性规划求解出pH为5.50~6.50、有机质含量大于39.68 g/kg、碱解氮为169.17~170.41 mg/kg、有效磷34.50 mg/kg、速效钾158.95~160.88 mg/kg、交换性钙1954.69 mg/kg、交换性镁123.81 mg/kg、有效铁468.31 mg/kg、有效锰96.09 mg/kg、有效铜1.73 mg/kg、有效锌10.93 mg/kg、有效硼0.33~0.85 mg/kg时,冰糖橙果实品质最佳。调节土壤酸碱度,增施有机肥,及时补充钙、镁和硼肥是今后果实品质管理的关键。Soil mineral nutrients and fruit qualities of 74 Citrus sinensis Osbeck orchards in the main producing areas of Hunan Province were investigated and analyzed in order to explore the effects of soil nutrients on fruit quality,find out the problems in soil nutrients,and provide reference for guiding scientific fertilization to improve fruit quality.The multivariate statistical analysis of R and LINGO software were used to screen the main soil nutrient factors affecting fruit quality,and the optimal soil nutrient optimization plan was found with the best fruit quality.The results showed that more than 86.20%of the orchard soils were acidic to strong acid,65.52%,75.86%and 82.76%of the orchard soils were deficient in exchangeable Ca,Mg,and available B.The fruit quality of Citrus sinensis Osbeck was the result of the combined action of multiple soil nutrient factors.Partial least squares regression analysis showed that the factors that have greater impact on the fruit mass of Citrus sinensis Osbeck were soil alkaline N and exchangeable Ca.The fruit shape index was mainly affected by soil available P,Cu,Zn and pH.Total soluble solid content mainly affected by soil organic matter,available Cu,Zn and pH.Titratable acid content mainly affected by soil available K,B and pH.Vc content mainly affected by soil organic matter,available P,K,Mg and pH.The linear programming solution found that the quality of Citrus sinensis Osbeck was the best with pH of 5.50–6.50,soil organic matter content greater than 39.68 g/kg,alkaline nitrogen within 169.17–170.41 mg/kg,effective phosphorus of 34.50 mg/kg,available potassium within 158.95–160.88 mg/kg,exchangeable calcium of 1954.69 mg/kg,exchangeable magnesium of 123.81 mg/kg,effective iron of 468.31 mg/kg,effective manganese of 96.09 mg/kg,effective copper of 1.73 mg/kg,effective zinc of 10.93 mg/kg,effective boron of 0.33–0.85 mg/kg.Adjusting soil pH,adding organic fertilizer,timely supplying Ca,Mg and B fertilizers are key to fruit quality management in the future.

关 键 词：冰糖橙 土壤养分 果实品质 多元统计分析 优化方案 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学]