我国近岸海域环境功能区划制度发展现状及对策  

Development Status and Countermeasures of Coastal Environment Function Zones in China

作　　者：王艳[1] 张震宇 孙明东 徐香勤[1] 雷坤[1] WANG Yan;ZHANG Zhenyu;SUN Mingdong;XU Xiangqin;LEI Kun(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [2]国家海洋环境监测中心,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2021年第3期671-677,共7页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2018YFC1407600)。

摘　　要：近岸海域环境功能区划制度在保护近海环境质量、维护海洋生态功能等方面发挥了重要作用,已经成为近岸海域环境保护规划的基础和环境监督管理的依据.在国家加快推进陆海、城乡国土空间统筹和优化的背景下,要实现近岸海域生态系统服务功能保护、水质持续改善等目标要求,仅明确近岸海域和沿岸陆域生态环境保护空间格局难以满足海洋生态环境保护需求,还需进一步明确近岸海域生态环境保护目标体系.近岸海域环境功能区划制度已经实施20余年,目前呈现出法律地位不足、功能分类体系与近岸海域生态环境保护要求不一致、功能区目标间协调性不足、调整频繁、各省份近岸海域环境功能区监管工作不统一等问题.因此,应重新定位近岸海域环境功能区在海洋环境管理中的作用,强化对其所确定的近岸海域环境功能的保护,并由环境功能保护的需求进一步提出水质保护、生态保护目标,将近岸海域环境功能区划作为全国近岸海域生态环境目标空间管理的依据.在此基础上,提出提升近岸海域环境功能区的法律地位、构建科学合理的近岸海域环境功能区分类体系、基于生态系统管理理念制定海洋环境保护目标、严格功能区划调整程序、完善近岸海域环境功能区监管制度等对策建议,为完善近岸海域环境功能区划制度提供借鉴.The coastal environment function zone(CEFZ)system plays an important role in protection of the coastal environment.The CEFZ has become an important basis for coastal environment planning and supervision.Under the background of accelerating national land and space coordination,in order to achieve the protection of coastal ecological service functions,it is necessary to define the coastal spatial pattern and the target system of coastal ecological function protection.The CEFZ system has been implemented for more than 20 years,in this case,the existing problems were considered,including insufficient legal status,inconsistency between the existing functional classification system and the ecological requirements,insufficient coordination between criteria,frequent arbitrary adjustments,different division methods,and disunity of management works in different provinces.Therefore,the role of CEFZ in marine environmental management should be redefined,and the protection of the ecological protection should be strengthened.On this basis,policy recommendations for CEFZ management were put forward,such as improving the legal status of CEFZ,establishing a scientific classification system,and improving the management system.

关 键 词：近岸海域 近岸海域环境功能区 管理现状 对策 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]