和田沙漠玫瑰品种系统发育关系初步研究  

Preliminary Study on the Phylogenetic Relationship of Rosa rugosa‘Hetian shamomeigui’

作　　者：孙美乐[1] 张俊[1] 李岩[2] 蔺国仓[1] SUN Meile;ZHANG Jun;LI Yan;LIN Guocang(Comprehensive Testing Ground, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830012, China;College of Resource and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院综合试验场,乌鲁木齐830012 [2]新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2021年第2期222-233,共12页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技支疆项目(2018E02016)。

摘　　要：该研究基于DNA分子数据分析和田沙漠玫瑰品种与丰花玫瑰、紫枝玫瑰、大马士革玫瑰品种的关系,构建和田沙漠玫瑰的系统发育关系,以探讨其杂交起源。结果表明:(1)和田沙漠玫瑰具有独特的遗传组成,品种内遗传距离(0.017±0.003)小于品种间的遗传距离(分别为0.029±0.005、0.024±0.004、0.022±0.003)。(2)和田沙漠玫瑰在系统发育上没有与其他3个品种的序列发生聚集,说明和田沙漠玫瑰遗传上区别于丰花玫瑰、紫枝玫瑰、大马士革玫瑰,应视为独立的品种。(3)GAPDH系统发育显示,和田沙漠玫瑰部分克隆与来自中国或东南亚的硕苞组(sect.Bracteatae)、金樱子组(sect.Laevigatae)、木香组(sect.Banksiae)的4个物种[硕苞蔷薇(R.bracteata)、金樱子(R.laevigata)、小果蔷薇(R.cymosa)和木香花(R.banksiae)]聚在一起,且位于基部位置;部分克隆与欧洲的Caninae组、合柱组(sect.Synstylae)、法国蔷薇组(sect.Gallicanae)的4个物种(椭叶蔷薇(R.elliptica)、常绿蔷薇(R.sempervirens)、R.trachyphylla和R.abyssinica)聚在一起;与上述近缘物种的序列分析结果共检测到19个杂合位点,暗示和田沙漠玫瑰的杂交起源比较古老。(4)叶绿体系统发育和序列分析发现,和田沙漠玫瑰与欧洲的Caninae组、合柱组、法国蔷薇组的14个物种具有很近的亲缘关系。研究表明,和田沙漠玫瑰为杂交品种,可能为中国和欧洲蔷薇属物种或品种杂交而来,杂交亲本可能为硕苞组、金樱子组、木香组、Caninae组、合柱组、法国蔷薇组的若干物种。In this study,we studied the relationship between Hetian rose variety(Rosa rugosa‘Hetian shamomeigui’)and Zizhi rose(R.rugosa‘Zizhi’),Fenghua rose(R.rugosa‘Fenghua’)and Damask rose(R.damascena)with molecular data,investigated the phylogenetic relationship of the Hetian rose within genus Rosa,and discussed its hybridization origin.Results showed that:(1)the Hetian rose had unique genetic source.The genetic distance within the Hetian rose(0.017±0.003)was smaller than the distance between varieties(0.029±0.005,0.024±0.004,and 0.022±0.003,respectively).(2)The phylogenetic tree showed that GAPDH gene clones of the Hetian rose did not mix with the gene clones from other varieties.These indicated that the Hetian rose was genetically diverged from the other three roses,and should be regarded as an unique rose variety.(3)A part of GAPDH clones of the Hetian rose were clustered with four species(R.bracteata,R.laevigata,R.cymosa,and R.banksiae)in Rosa sect.Bracteatae,sect Laevigatae,and sect.Banksiae from China or Southeast Asia,located at basal position of the phylogenetic tree,while other GAPDH clones were clustered with other four European species(R.elliptica,R.sempervirens,R.trachyphylla,and R.abyssinica)in sects.Caninae,Synstylae,and Gallicanae.A total of 19 GAPDH heterozygous loci were detected between the Hetian rose and the above-mentioned closely-related species,indicating a hybrid origin of Hetian rose.(4)A close relationship between the Hetian rose and 14 European species from sect.Caninae,sect.Synstylae,and Gallicanae was revealed by cpDNA phylogeny and sequence variation analysis.In conclusion,it was proposed that the Hetian rose had a hybrid origin by Chinese and European rose species or varieties.The hybrid parents may be the one or more species in sects.Bracteatae,Laevigatae,Banksiae,Caninae,Synstylae,and Gallicanae.This study provides a foundation for further research on the probable parental species of the Hetian rose.

关 键 词：玫瑰 遗传距离 系统发育 杂交 

分 类 号：Q346.5[生物学—遗传学] Q789