大庆油田微生物采油技术研究及应用  

Research and application of microbial enhanced oil recovery technology in Daqing Oilfield

作　　者：侯兆伟 李蔚 乐建君 金锐 窦绪谋 HOU Zhaowei;LI Wei;LE Jianjun;JIN Rui;DOU Xumou(National Energy Continental Sandstone Maturing Oilfield Sustainable Production Research and Development Center,Daqing City,Heilongjiang Province,163412,China;Exploration and Development Research Institute,Daqing Oilfield,CNPC,Daqing City,Heilongjiang Province,163412,China;College of Petroleum Engineering,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing City,Heilongjiang Province,163318,China)

机构地区：[1]国家能源陆相砂岩老油田持续开采研发中心,黑龙江大庆163412 [2]中国石油大庆油田有限责任公司勘探开发研究院,黑龙江大庆163412 [3]东北石油大学石油工程学院,黑龙江大庆163318

出　　处：《油气地质与采收率》2021年第2期10-17,共8页Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency

基　　金：中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技专项“大庆油气持续有效发展关键技术研究与应用”(2016E-0206)。

摘　　要：大庆油田微生物采油技术始于20世纪60年代,历经50多年的持续攻关,基础研究和现场应用均取得一定进展。研究发现微生物存在主动趋向原油、黏附原油、产表面活性剂乳化原油3种趋向原油方式,确定实验菌株以氧化方式降解烷烃、芳香烃的降解机理。在室内研究的基础上,针对特低渗透油田开展外源微生物现场试验,实施微生物吞吐试验93口井,单井平均增油量为149 t,吨增油菌液和激活剂成本为300元;在特低渗透油田开展微生物驱试验,朝阳沟油田累积增油量为6×104 t,采收率提高4.95个百分点,吨增油菌液和激活剂成本为557元,并明确注采关系是影响微生物驱效果的主要因素。对大庆油田水驱、聚合物驱和复合驱后典型油藏菌群结构特征进行系统研究,研制出高效激活剂配方,在萨南油田聚合物驱后油藏开展了1注4采内源微生物驱现场试验,采收率提高3.93个百分点,吨增油激活剂成本为643元。The microbial oil enhanced recovery technology in Daqing Oilfield has been put into operation since the 1960s.More than 50 years of sustained efforts has witnessed encouraging progress in basic research and field applications.The study found that microorganisms actively migrated to crude oil,adhered to it,or produced surfactant to emulsify it.Besides,it was determined that the alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons were degraded by experimental strains through oxidation.On the basis of laboratory research,field tests on exogenous microorganisms were carried out in extra-low permeability reser⁃voirs,and 93 wells were subject to microbial huff-n-puff tests.Results demonstrate that the average oil increase per well was 149 t,and the cost of bacteria solution and activators per ton of oil increase was CNY 300.In addition,the microbial flooding tests in extra-low permeability reservoirs proved that the accumulative oil increase in Chaoyanggou Oilfield was 60000 t,with the enhanced oil recovery of 4.95%,and the cost of bacteria solution and activators per ton of oil increase was CNY 557.In particular,it is clarified that the injection-production system was the main factor affecting the microbial flooding.The microbial community structure of typical reservoirs after water flooding,polymer flooding,and combined flood⁃ing in Daqing Oilfield were systematically studied to develop highly effective activators.Endogenous microorganism flood⁃ing tests with 1 injector and 4 producers in reservoirs after polymer flooding were carried out in Sanan Oilfield,which en⁃hanced the oil recovery by 3.93%,and the activator cost per ton of oil increase was CNY 643.

关 键 词：微生物驱 微生物吞吐 低渗透 聚合物驱后 增油降水 

分 类 号：TE357.9[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]