民法典成年监护制度的体系效益与融贯性实现  

The Accomplishment of Institutional Benefit and Coherence in Adult Guardianship System of Civil Code

作　　者：孙犀铭[1] Sun Ximing(Law School,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院,青岛266237

出　　处：《山东大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第2期119-128,共10页Journal of Shandong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：2020年中国博士后科学基金第67批面上资助项目“协助决定行为的私法构造”(2020M672033)。

摘　　要：民法典的体系效益要求法典内各制度应尽可能地保持融贯。现行成年监护制度在证立结构、概念特征、对象域特征上未符合融贯标准要求,仍有在解释论上加以完善的必要。就内在体系的权重排序,基于规范目的的转变,加之法定代理权的作用有限,应确立尊重被监护人意愿原则之优先权重;就《民法典》第30条“协议”之理解,宜作特殊类型之内部决议行为并类推适用第134条之法效果,以满足体系中相互证立的融贯性要求;就外在体系的概念类型,受第35条第3款文义限制,无法对“被监护人”做非完全行为能力成年人之反对解释,应通过类推适用《民通意见》第67条构建成年被监护人判定时的意思能力标准。此外,鉴于第35条自身“开放式”比例原则之性质,难以于解释论层面终局地满足价值冲突的决断需求,有在特别立法中予以类型化构建之必要。The institutional benefit of Civil Code requires that every system in the Code should be as coherent as possible.The current adult guardianship system does not meet the requirements of the coherence standards in terms of the supportive structure,concept and object domain characteristics,so it is still necessary to continue to improve it on doctrine of law.Regarding the weighting of the internal system,based on the change of normative purposes and the limitation of agency power,the priority principle of respecting of the guardian s will should be established in the adult guardianship system.As for the understanding of Article 30“Agreement”of the Civil Code,it is advisable to apply the legal effect of Article 134 by analogy as a special type of internal resolution to meet the coherence requirements of mutual verification in the system.Regarding the concept type of the external system,subject to the limitations of Item 3 of Article 35,it is not possible to interpret the“guardian”as imperfect capacity for adults.It should be constructed by analogy with the application of Article 67 of The Supreme People s Court s Opinions on Several Issues Concerning the Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law to establish the standard of the decision-making capacity of the adult when determined as guardian.In addition,in view of the nature of Article 35 s“open”proportion principle,it is difficult to overcome the conflict of values by interpretation,so it is necessary to construct in a special legislation.

关 键 词：民法典 内在体系 外在体系 融贯性 成年监护 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]