铜电解阳极钝化及漂浮阳极泥控制技术研究进展  

Research progress of copper electrolysis anode passivation and floating anode slime control technology

作　　者：孔德颂 罗劲松 王有维 林艳 孙怡佳[4] 曾文斌 KONG De-song;LUO Jin-song;WANG You-wei;LIN Yan;SUN Yi-jia;ZENG Wen-bin

机构地区：[1]云南铜业股份有限公司西南铜业分公司,云南昆明650102 [2]昆明理工大学锂离子电池及材料制备技术国家地方联合工程实验室,云南昆明650093 [3]昆明理工大学省部共建复杂有色金属资源清洁利用国家重点实验室,云南昆明650093 [4]云南交通职业技术学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《中国有色冶金》2021年第1期1-8,共8页China Nonferrous Metallurgy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(51404120)。

摘　　要：阳极钝化和漂浮阳极泥是影响铜电解精炼稳定生产的主要因素,会造成生产能力的损失、电耗增加、阴极铜质量下降等问题,其形成的主要原因是阳极铜和电解液中含有杂质。目前文献表述中关于阳极钝化的形成机理包括:砷含量对阳极钝化有促进或抑制作用;阳极铜表面生成CuSO4盐膜引起钝化;氧化亚铜与锌粉共同作用引起钝化;氧化亚铜和硫酸铜晶体共同作用引起钝化;杂质Bi、Ni、Pb、Ag、Se、Te、O等加快阳极钝化。As、Sb、Bi等是漂浮阳极泥中含量较高的杂质元素,而Cu、Pb、Ag是正常阳极泥含量较高的杂质元素。本文对该领域各研究成果作了分析归纳,全面介绍了铜电解阳极钝化和漂浮阳极泥的形成机理及控制技术研究进展,并提出了稳定铜电解生产和改善阴极铜质量的技术要点。Anode passivation and floating anode slime are the main factors that affect the production of copper electrolytic refining,which will cause Weakening productivity,Increased power consumption,and the decrease in the quality of cathode copper.The main reason is that anode copper and electrolyte contain impurities.The formation mechanism of anodic passivation in the present literature includes:arsenic content can promote or inhibit anodic passivation;CuSO4 salt film formed on the surface of anode copper causes passivation;copper oxide and zinc powder together cause passivation;impurities Bi,Ni,Pb,Ag,Se,Te and O accelerate anodic passivation.As,Sb and Bi are the impurity elements with high content in floating anode mud,while Cu,Pb and Ag are the impurity elements with high content in normal anode slime.In this paper,the research results in this field are analyzed and summarized.The formation mechanism and control technology of anode passivation and floating anode slime in copper electrolysis are comprehensively introduced.The technical points of stabilizing copper electrolysis production and improving the quality of cathode copper are put forward.

关 键 词：铜电解 铜阳极泥 阳极钝化 漂浮阳极泥 形成机理 控制技术 

分 类 号：TF811[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] TF803.27