某二甲医院8年住院患者疾病谱构成分析  

Disease spectrum of inpatients in a hospital from 2012 to 2019

作　　者：陈海燕 廖博贤 李清香 邓玉萍 黄燕霞 莫新颖 CHEN Haiyan;LIAO Boxian;LI Qingxiang;DENG Yuping;HUANG Yanxia;MO Xinying(Qingxin District People’s Hospital,Qingyuan 511800,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]清远市清新区人民医院,广东清远511800

出　　处：《现代医院》2021年第2期275-277,281,共4页Modern Hospitals

摘　　要：目的基于某院近8年的疾病谱构成情况与相关疾病的变化趋势进行分析,从而有效地制定针对性的疾病防治策略。方法选取某院2012—2019年的259 994例住院患者数据,采用Excel表格进行数据库建立,基于不同的年龄与性别对患者数据进行比较分析,并统计患者数据中各项疾病的占比。结果 259 994例住院患者中,男123 266例(占47.41%),女136 728例(占52.59%),男女性别比例为1∶1.11,男性前十位疾病占住院男性患者疾病总数的89.97%,女性前十位疾病占住院女性患者疾病总数的89.23%,男性患病构成比最高前3位是损伤、中毒和外因的某些其他后果疾病、呼吸系统疾病和循环系统疾病;女性患病构成比最高前3位是妊娠、分娩和产褥期疾病、呼吸系统疾病和循环系统疾病,不同性别的患者疾病构成有一定的差别,且各疾病所占比例有一定的区别。而不同年龄组别中,<1岁患者主要以起源于围生期疾病为主,1~14岁患者主要以呼吸系统疾病为主,15~44岁患者主要以妊娠、分娩和产褥期疾病为主,45~64岁患者与≥65岁患者主要以循环系统疾病为主。结论不同的性别与年龄段所出现的疾病高发种类有一定的差别,在实际的疾病防治策略制定过程中,要基于患者对象的不同情况进行针对性的调整,才能有效地应对疾病谱的变化。Objective To analyze the disease spectrum and work out the trends of related diseases in a hospital in the past 8 years so as to make effective strategies for disease prevention and control.Methods The data of 259 994 inpatients in a hospital from 2012 to 2019 were selected, and the database was established by Excel. The data were analyzed based on different ages and genders, and the proportion of various diseases was counted.Results Through data comparison, of the 259,994 inpatients, male patients(123 266), accounted for 47.41%, and female(136 728), 52.59%, with a gender ratio of 1∶1.11. The top ten diseases among the male and female patients accounted for 89.97% and 89.23% of the total diseases in inpatients, respectively. The top three diseases in the male patients were injury, poisoning and some others like the diseased caused by external reasons respiratory system diseases and circulatory system diseases, while the top three in the female were pregnancy, childbirth and puerperal diseases, respiratory and circulatory system diseases. There were some differences in the constitution of diseases among different genders, and the proportion of each disease was different. In different age groups, the patients aged under 1 year were hospitalized mainly from perinatal diseases, those between 1 and 14 years were mainly from respiratory diseases, those between 15 and 44 years were mainly from pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium diseases, and those between 45 and 64 years and those over 65 years old were mainly from circulatory diseases.Conclusion Different gender and age groups often have different types of high incidence of diseases. In the actual process for making disease prevention and control strategies, targeted adjustment should be made based on the different conditions so as to effectively deal with the changes of disease spectrum.

关 键 词：住院患者 疾病谱 构成比 疾病顺位 疾病防治策略 

分 类 号：R197.323.1[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R195.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]