成都平原地区梯棱羊肚菌人工栽培生态环境参数范围及变化规律  

Ranges and Dynamics of Environmental Factors for Morchella importuna Cultivation in Chengdu Plain Area

作　　者：谭昊[1,2,3] 苗人云 刘天海[1,2] 唐杰 杜大兵[4] 韩海涛 杨海军[4] 林松 黄忠乾 彭卫红 TAN Hao;MIAO Ren-yun;LIU Tian-hai;TANG Jie;DU Da-bing;HAN Hai-tao;YANG Hai-jun;LIN Song;HUANG Zhong-qian;PENG Wei-hong(Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sichuan Chengdu 610066,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China,Ministry of Agriculture,Sichuan Chengdu 610000,China;College of Biological Engineering,Jiangnan University,Jiangsu Wuxi 214062,China;Chengdu Xinxin Electronic Technology Co.Ltd.,Sichuan Chengdu 610000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,四川成都610066 [2]农业部西南区域农业微生物资源利用科学观测实验站,四川成都610000 [3]江南大学生物工程学院,江苏无锡214062 [4]成都鑫芯电子科技有限公司,四川成都610000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第1期27-39,共13页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：四川省创新提升工程项目(2020BJRC004、2016G YSH-025);国家自然科学基金(31901119);公益性行业专项(201503137)。

摘　　要：【目的】本文对羊肚菌栽培生态环境光、温、气、水等参数的详细范围和变化规律进行了定量研究。【方法】在成都平原地区利用物联网技术采集梯棱羊肚菌栽培大棚中的生态环境参数,采用不同层数遮阳网对大棚中光照强度、气温、空气相对湿度、空气氧浓度、空气二氧化碳浓度、土壤温度和土壤含水率进行长期实时监测,运用大数据建立了当地羊肚菌栽培生态环境参数的24h波动模型。【结果】大棚中光照的动态变化间接影响棚内空气氧浓度、相对湿度和温度的变化规律,羊肚菌产量最高的大棚中晴天正午平均光照强度约2500~3500 lx。遮阳网在白天防止升温过快、夜间能保温,减少了空气温度、土壤温度出现的偶发性极端值,但对空气和土壤积温,以及空气氧浓度、二氧化碳浓度和土壤含水率等参数的积累值均无显著影响,只能减弱上述参数的波动幅度。出菇阶段大棚中空气温度大于等于土壤温度。【结论】研究揭示了羊肚菌栽培生态环境光、温、气、水等要素的合理范围和变化规律,可供西南地区平原地形的羊肚菌栽培田间管理参考,并对工厂化栽培模式设计思路的探索提供启示。【Objective】This paper aimed to the quantification of the detailed ranges and dynamics of the environmental factors of the light,temperature,air and moisture in morel cultivation.【Methods】Environmental factors in greenhouses for Morchella importuna cultivation were collected in Chengdu plain area using Internet of Things(IoT)technologies.Illumination intensity,air temperature,air relative humidity,oxygen percentage in the air,carbon dioxide concentration in the air,soil temperature and soil water content were recorded every ten mi-nutes,in greenhouses with different layers of sunshade-net.Fluctuation models in 24-hour cycle were established for the environmental fac-tors at different stages.【Results】The sunlight in the greenhouses showed a dynamic that indirectly regulated the fluctuating features of the ox-ygen percentage,relative humidity and temperature in the air,while the average illumination intensity in the greenhouse with the highest mo-rel yield were about 2500-3500 lx at the noon of sunny days.Sunshade-net effectively prevented over-heating during daytime and over-chill-ing during night,diminishing the occurrence of extreme values of air temperature and soil temperature,whereas the cumulative temperatures of the air and the soil,as well as the cumulative values of the relative humidity,oxygen percentage and carbon dioxide concentration in the air,and the soil water content,showed no significant difference between the regimes of different sunshade-net layers.The effects of the sunshade-net layers were attenua-ting the fluctuations of the environmental factors.The air tem-perature was either higher than or similar to the soil temperature during the fruiting stage.【Conclusion】Field conditions ideal for morel cultivation were summarized from the analytical results of the environmental factors,for the reference of field management of morel cul-tivation in plain area of southwestern China,which further provided some inspirations for the engineers hoping to develop factory-mode tech-nologies of

关 键 词：羊肚菌人工栽培 生态环境参数 实时监测 24 h周期波动 

分 类 号：S567.[农业科学—中草药栽培]