2种类型微生物肥对夏黑葡萄生长发育及果实品质的影响  

Effects of Two Types of Microbial Fertilizers on Summer Black Grape Growth and Fruit Quality

作　　者：陈国品[1] 李玮[1] 谢蜀豫 黄秋凤 陈立[2] 李敏[2] 黄羽[1] 管敬喜[1] 黄竟 李洪艳[1] 覃锦声 曹慕明[1] CHEN Guo-pin;LI Wei;XIE Shu-yu;HUANG Qiu-feng;CHEN Li;LI Min;HUANG Yu;GUAN Jing-xi;HUANG Jing;LI Hong-yan;QIN Jin-sheng;CAO Mu-ming(Viticulture and Wine Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangxi Nanning 530007,China;Agricultural College,Guangxi University,Guangxi Nanning 530004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院葡萄与葡萄酒研究所,广西南宁530007 [2]广西大学农学院,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第1期106-112,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB18221037,桂科AB19245007);广西自然科学基金项目(2017GXNSFAA198023);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021YT130,桂农科2020YM49);广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(2020YM120)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨微生物肥与有机肥和无机肥配施对夏黑葡萄生长发育及果实品质的影响,为筛选优质、安全、生态和高效的葡萄施肥模式及发展广西葡萄产业提供参考依据。【方法】以4年生避雨栽培鲜食葡萄品种夏黑为试验材料,将微生物菌剂保根120与多肽海藻复混肥以450.00、675.00、900.00、1125.00、1350.00 kg/hm~2按1∶1混合均匀后再与发酵羊粪7500.00 kg/hm~2+过磷酸钙375.00 kg/hm~2混合配施,分别设为5个施用微生物肥处理(T1~T5处理),以常规施肥(羊粪7500.00 kg/hm~2+过磷酸钙375.00 kg/hm~2)为对照(CK),测定、分析各处理夏黑葡萄的生长发育指标和果实品质指标。【结果】与CK相比,施用微生物肥夏黑葡萄的初花期、着色期和成熟期均提前,新梢生长量、基部粗度、叶片厚度及花序长度、单穗重、穗长、果粒大小、产量、可溶性固形物含量和固酸比均有所提高,可滴定酸含量降低;同时,降低了人工疏果成本,葡萄种植效益得到有效提高。其中,T4和T5处理(分别为保根1201125.00 kg/hm~2+多肽海藻复混肥1125.00 kg/hm~2+羊粪7500.00 kg/hm~2+过磷酸钙375.00 kg/hm~2配施和保根1201350.00 kg/hm~2+多肽海藻复混肥1350.00 kg/hm~2+羊粪7500.00 kg/hm~2+过磷酸钙375.00 kg/hm~2配施)对促进夏黑葡萄提早着色和成熟的效果较佳,果实可提前10 d成熟上市,尤其以T4处理的综合表现最佳,新梢不徒长,花序长度、单穗重、穗长、单株产量、折公顷产量、可溶性固形物含量和固酸比分别较CK提高40.63%、9.83%、30.11%、18.10%、15.93%、6.18%和28.51%,可滴定酸含量较CK降低17.31%,经济效益比CK高144256.15元/hm~2。【结论】微生物菌剂保根1201125.00 kg/hm~2+多肽海藻复混肥1125.00 kg/hm~2+羊粪7500.00 kg/hm~2+过磷酸钙375.00 kg/hm~2配施的施肥模式能促进夏黑葡萄生长发育,降低生产成本,提升果实品质,提早果实上市时间,有效提高种植效益,可供广西夏黑葡萄或�【Objective】The effect of different combinations of microbial,organic and inorganic fertilizer on growth and fruit quality of Summer black grape was investigated,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of Guangxi grape industry and explore the optimized fertilization mode with quality,safety,ecological and the high-efficient.【Method】Four-year-table-grape and rain-shelter-cultivation Summer black was selected as the research object.5 treatments was set as treatment T1 to T5,the 450.00,675.00,900.00,1125.00,1350.00 kg/hm2 by 1∶1 mixed microbial agent Baogen 120 and polypeptide algae compound fertilizer with sheep manure 7500.00 kg/hm2 plus super-phosphate 375.00 kg/hm2.Conventional fertilization(sheep manure 7500.00 kg/hm2 plus superphosphate 375.00 kg/hm2)was set as a control(CK).Analyzed the effect of differ-ent treatments on the growth and fruit quality and development of Summer black grapes.【Result】The application of microbial fertilizer could shorten the stages of floral initiation,coloration and maturity of Summer black grape compared with the control.The shoot length,new shoots diameter,leaf thickness,length of inflorescence,single panicle weight,spike length,yield,soluble solids and TSS-acid ratio of grape were increased,while titratable acid content reduced compared with the control.While the cost of artificial fruit thinning was decreased,and the economy benefit of grape cultivation was improved in the meantime.Among all the treatment,both T4 and T5 treatments(Baogen 1201125.00 kg/hm2+polypeptide algae compound fertilizer 1125.00 kg/hm2+sheep manure 7500.00 kg/hm2+superphosphate 375.00 kg/hm2,and Baogen 1201350.00 kg/hm2+polypeptide algae compound fertilizer 1350.00 kg/hm2+sheep ma-nure 7500.00 kg/hm2+superphosphate 375.00 kg/hm2)have better effect on Summer black grapes in early coloring and ripening,10 days can be shorten advance toward the market.The T4 treatment was performed best compared with other treatments,the shoot without spin-dling,the length of inflorescence,s

关 键 词：夏黑葡萄 微生物肥料 生长发育 果实品质 经济效益 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]