新型双子表面活性剂胶束催化羟醛缩合反应  

Micellar Catalysis on Aldol Condensation with New Gemini Surfactants

作　　者：储佳乐 潘忠稳[1] 周虹屏[1] 张庭兰 李阳阳 Chu Jiale;Pan Zhongwen;Zhou Hongping;Zhang Tinglan;Li Yangyang(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University,Hefei,Anhui 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学化学化工学院,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《化学世界》2021年第1期33-39,共7页Chemical World

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上(No.51472002)资助项目。

摘　　要：1,3-二(3-(二甲基氨基)丙基)脲与正溴代十六烷季铵盐化反应得到新型双子表面活性剂JL-16,并以此为胶束催化剂,分别研究了对氯苯甲醛(PCBA)、对甲基苯甲醛(PMBA)与丙酮的缩合反应。结果表明:随着胶束催化剂(JL-16)浓度的增加,缩合反应速率随之加快;且当胶束催化剂(JL-16)浓度大于其临界胶束浓度(CMC)值时,对反应速度的影响更为显著。当胶束催化剂CJL-16浓度小于CMC值时,PCBA的缩合速度为PMBA的4.7倍。由相分离模型计算出PCBA、PMBA与丙酮的缩合反应的k1m和k1m/k1w分别为:6.28×10^(-4),1.89×10^(-4) s^(-1)和10.33,4.46,故无论在胶束相还是水相中,PCBA与丙酮的羟醛缩合反应均比PMBA快。A new gemini surfactant of JL-16 was synthesized by the quaternization of 1,3-bis(3-(dimethylamino)propyl) urea with n-bromohexadecane. The condensation reactions of p-chlorobenzaldehyde(PCBA) and p-methylbenzaldehyde(PMBA) with acetone were studied by using JL-16 as micellar catalyst. The results showed that with the raise of JL-16 concentration, the condensation reaction rate increased;and when the concentration of JL-16 was higher than its critical micelle concentration(CMC), the effect on the reaction rate was more significant. At the concentration of CMC, the condensation rate of PCBA was 4.7 times that of PMBA. The k1 m and k1 m/k1 w of PCBA or PMBA calculated by the phase separation model were 6.28×10^(-4), 1.89×10^(-4) s^(-1) and 10.33, 4.46, respectively. Either micellar phase or aqueous phase, the aldol condensation reaction of PCBA with acetone was faster than PMBA.

关 键 词：双子表面活性剂 胶束催化 对氯苯甲醛 对甲基苯甲醛 

分 类 号：O623.738[理学—有机化学]