记忆、信念与制度选择——以家庭承包制为例  

Memory,Belief and Choice of Institution:A Case Study on Household Contract Responsibility System

作　　者：罗必良 洪炜杰 Luo Biliang;Hong Weijie

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学国家农业制度与发展研究院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《社会科学战线》2021年第1期78-90,281,共14页Social Science Front

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZD115)。

摘　　要：人的行为受其过去经历及记忆的影响,制度偏好也同样如此。文章试图为中国农村普遍采用家庭承包制提供一个可能的逻辑性解释线索,认为大饥荒造成的饥饿记忆是决定农民制度信念进而选择并维护家庭承包制的重要原因。文章将家庭承包制分解为"集体所有""家庭承包"及"家庭经营"3个维度,研究发现:(1)饥饿记忆能够影响人们的制度信念,经历过大饥荒的农民对家庭承包制认可度更高;(2)在农业机械化程度较低的地方,大饥荒经历能够显著提高农民对家庭经营的偏好程度,但在机械化程度较高的地方,大饥荒经历对农民的家庭经营偏好没有显著影响;(3)对于具有更多非农收入来源的农户家庭,大饥荒对其制度偏好的影响不显著。上述结论具有稳健性。此外,宏观层面的数据也证明经历大饥荒越严重的地方越倾向于采用并坚持家庭承包制。文章进一步阐明了上述结论对未来农业经营制度变革的政策含义。People’s behaviors are affected by their past experience and memory,as well as their system preference. This article attempts to provide a possible logical explanation for the widespread adoption of the Household Contract Responsibility System( HCRS) in rural China. The memory of hunger caused by the Great Famine is an important reason for the farmers’ belief in land management system,and their choice of maintaining HCRS. The HCRS is discussed in three dimensions: "collective ownership","household contract"and "family management". This study shows that:(1) Hunger memories can affect people’s institutional belief. Farmers who have experienced the Great Famine have a higher recognition of HCRS;(2) In places where agricultural mechanization is rare,the experience of the Great Famine can significantly increase farmers’ preference for family management,whereas in places where the mechanization is rich,the effect is limited;(3) For rural households with more sources of non-agricultural incomes,the Great Famine has no significant impact on their institutional preference. The conclusions are robust. In addition,the macro-level data proves that the more severe the famine damage is,the more likely that HCRS is adopted and adhered to. The article further clarifies the policy implications of the above conclusions for future agricultural management system reforms.

关 键 词：大饥荒 制度信念 家庭承包制 记忆 

分 类 号：F302.2[经济管理—产业经济] F320.2