不同位置优秀U17男子足球运动员躯干与下肢力量特征及损伤风险分析  

Strength Characteristics and Injury Risks of Trunk and Lower-extremity of Elite U17 Male Soccer Players at Different Positions

作　　者：姚天奇 王烁 谢思源 尹煜华 王启荣[4] 矫玮 Yao Tianqi;Wang Shuo;Xie Siyuan;Yin Yuhua;Wang Qirong;Jiao Wei(Beijing Sports University,Beijing 100084,China;Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,The First Medical Center,Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China;Technology Department,Chinese Football Association,Beijing 100022,China;National Institute of Sports Medicine,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学运动医学与康复学院,北京100084 [2]解放军总医院第一医学中心康复医学科,北京100853 [3]中国足球协会技术部,北京100022 [4]国家体育总局运动医学研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2020年第12期917-923,共7页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：中国足球协会青少年足球发展基金项目(2016-08);国家体育总局备战奥运会科研攻关项目(2013A126)。

摘　　要：目的:探究不同位置优秀U17男子足球运动员躯干与下肢的力量特征,分析不同位置优秀U17男子足球运动员潜在的躯干及下肢损伤风险,为损伤预防提供依据。方法:对21名优秀U17足球运动员进行躯干等长肌力测试及股四头肌和腘绳肌的向心收缩和离心收缩等速测试,并分别计算躯干屈伸比率(flexion/extension ratio,F/E比率)及两侧下肢的传统和功能腘绳肌/股四头肌比率(hamstring/quadriceps ratio,H/Q比率)。通过2×2混合模型方差分析对比不同位置球员(进攻和防守)双下肢(优势侧和非优势侧)的传统H/Q比率和功能H/Q比率差异;通过卡方检验对比不同测试速度下达标人数的差异;通过独立样本t检验对比不同位置球员躯干力量差异;通过配对t检验比较所有运动员双侧下肢股四头肌和腘绳肌的向心收缩和离心收缩峰值力矩差异。结果:高速测试时,双下肢H/Q比率的主效应显著,优秀U17足球运动员非优势侧的传统H/Q比率和功能H/Q比率均显著低于优势侧;并且随着测试速度的增加,功能H/Q比率低于阈值的人数随之增多;进攻球员躯干F/E比率显著高于防守球员;进攻球员非优势侧的股四头肌向心收缩峰值力矩(quadriceps concentric peak torque,QCPT)显著高于优势侧,腘绳肌的离心收缩峰值力矩(hamstring eccentric peak torque,HEPT)显著低于优势侧。结论:优秀U17足球运动员非优势侧下肢的传统H/Q比率和功能H/Q比率均显著低于优势侧,非优势侧下肢存在更大的非接触性损伤风险。尽管不同场上位置的优秀U17足球运动员之间躯干F/E比率有差异,但场上位置对下肢力量比率没有影响。随着测试速度的提高,达到下肢力量比率阈值的人数越少。较防守球员而言,进攻球员躯干和下肢的肌力不平衡更为显著。Objectives To explore the strength characteristics of the trunk and lower-extremity of elite U17 male soccer players at different positions,and analyze the injury risk of their trunk and low-er-extremity so as to prevent such injuries.Methods Twenty-one elite U17 male soccer players were se-lected and measured the trunk muscle strength through the isometric test and calculated trunk flexion/extension ratio(F/E ratio).The isokinetic test was applied to measure the strength of hamstring andquadriceps muscles,and calculate different conventional and functional hamstring/quadriceps ratio(H/Qratio).The conventional and functional H/Q ratio of the dominant and non-dominant lower-extremity ofplayers at different positions were compared using 2×2 mixed model analysis of variance.The differ-ence between the number of qualified players at different test speeds were compared using chi-squaretest,while the differences in the trunk muscle strength and F/E ratio between players at different posi-tions were compared using independent-samples t test.The paired t test was employed to compare ham-string and quadriceps eccentric and concentric peak torques between different lower-extremities.Results There were significant main effect in the H/Q ratio of both lower extremities in the high-speed isokinet-ic test,and conventional and functional H/Q ratio of the non-dominant lower-extremity were significant-ly lower than the dominant one.With the increase of the testing speed,the number of players withthe functional H/Q ratio lower than threshold increased.The average trunk F/E ratio of players at theoffensive position was significantly higher than those at defensive position.The quadriceps concentricpeak torque of the non-dominate lower-extremity of offensive players was significantly higher than thatof dominant side,while the hamstring eccentric peak torque was the opposite.Conclusions For eliteU17 male soccer players,the conventional and functional H/Q ratio of the non-dominant lower-extremi-ty were lower than the dominant side,so

关 键 词：U17 足球运动员 力量比率 非接触性损伤 损伤预防 

分 类 号：R873[医药卫生—运动医学]