水资源约束条件下的县域冬小麦节水灌溉制度  

Water-saving irrigation regime for winter wheat in county areas under water resources constraints

作　　者：朱嘉伟[1] 赵聪佳 郭蕊蕊[1] 周琳琳[1] Zhu Jiawei;Zhao Congjia;Guo Ruirui;Zhou Linlin(College of Resources and Environment,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第1期92-100,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国土资源部公益性行业科研专项课题(201411022-03)。

摘　　要：在高效节水灌溉工程技术难以在大田作物中推广应用的形势下,优化制定节水灌溉制度是提高灌溉水利用效率的可行途径。该研究以河南省新郑市为研究区,在对冬小麦全生育期及不同生育阶段的作物需水量、天然供水量、灌溉需水量进行估算的基础上,针对农田灌溉水源不足的条件约束,以冬小麦产量最大化为目标,采用Jensen模型反向求解法,将现有的冬小麦水分敏感性研究成果应用于非引灌区县域节水灌溉制度的制定,通过实施非充分灌溉制度,缓解水资源供需矛盾。结果表明:1)新郑市平水年和干旱年冬小麦全生育期供水总量小于需水总量,难以满足农田灌溉需求,需要实施非充分灌溉制度;2)采用Jensen模型不能直接优化解算冬小麦不同生育期的灌水定额,但是可以通过优化解算出的冬小麦不同生育期的腾发量间接确定灌水定额;3)优化解算得冬小麦苗期、越冬、拔节、抽穗、灌浆等不同生育期的腾发量占全生育期的比例分别为15.8%、5.4%、23.4%、34.9%、20.5%,与不同生育期敏感性指数的大小成正比;4)新郑市冬小麦丰水年灌溉关键期为灌浆期,平水年灌溉关键期为抽穗期和灌浆期,干旱年灌溉关键期为抽穗期,但是苗期、拔节、灌浆期均需要适量灌溉。该研究表明采用Jensen模型反向求解法可优化确定冬小麦不同生育期的灌水定额,研究提出的非充分灌溉制度制定方法对推进现有理论研究成果在农田灌溉实际工作中的应用具有重要的实践意义。High-efficiency water-saving irrigation engineering technology is facing a difficult situation to be extended popularly covering the field crops.A feasible way can be to optimize the water-saving irrigation regime,thereby to improve the efficiency of irrigation water.In this study,an optimization design was conducted to develop a water-saving irrigation regime in Xinzheng City,Henan Province,China.Three scenarios were set,including non-irrigation,average irrigation,and insufficient irrigation.The specific procedures were:First,Penman-Monteith formula was used to calculate indirectly the water volumes that the winter wheat required in the full and every growth stages.Second,the collected parameters were selected,such as meteorological data,the field moisture capacity,wilting coefficient of different types of soil texture,and hydro-geological data,thereby to estimate the total water resource that supplied in the full growth stage of winter wheat,including atmospheric precipitation,soil water content,and available water resource for irrigation.Third,the water sensitivity index of winter wheat was used to monitor the water demand of winter wheat in the different growth stages.Taking the maximum yield of winter wheat as a goal,a Jensen-model was selected to optimize the total supply water,and further distribute to the different growth stages of winter wheat.Finally,the obtained parameters were used,including the actual evapotranspiration,atmospheric precipitation,and soil water content,to calculate the irrigation water quota in different growth stages of winter wheat.The results showed that:1)The total supply water was less than that in normal and dry years in Xinzheng City,Henan Province,China.Therefore,it was necessary to implement deficit irrigation regime.2)Since the Jensen-model cannot be used to calculate directly the irrigating quota in different growth stages,the actual evaporation can be achieved for the weight coefficient of sensitivity index in different growth stages of winter wheat.Specifically,the alloca

关 键 词：灌溉 作物 节水:非充分灌溉 灌溉制度 河南省 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]