国际人权司法机构的政治性——以欧洲人权法院为视角  

The Political Nature of the International Human Rights Judiciary——From the Perspective of the European Court of Human Rights

作　　者：邱静[1] Qiu Jing

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所

出　　处：《兰州学刊》2021年第3期105-119,共15页

基　　金：中欧关系研究“指南针计划”委托研究课题(项目编号:BCKT201701)的部分成果。

摘　　要：文章以欧洲人权法院为视角,探讨国际人权司法机构的政治性。在事前控制方面,有的成员国尝试通过选择忠于国家利益或者与当政者观点一致的法官来影响欧洲人权法院的决定。在事后控制方面,有的成员国时常质疑、批评和抵制欧洲人权法院的判决,努力影响法院的判断和决策。为了应对政治制约,欧洲人权法院采取了相应的司法策略,例如,广泛适用边际裁量原则、策略性地区别对待成员国。欧洲人权法院在各个阶段的不同表现也说明法院承载了某些成员国的政治意图。人权议题的复杂性和敏感性,加重了欧洲人权法院的政治性。文章的分析表明,国际人权司法机构的政治性根深蒂固,故需要揭开法律面纱来认识各类力量的角逐以及国际人权司法机构发挥作用的局限性。This paper explores the politics of the international human rights judiciary from the perspective of the European Court of Human Rights.With regard to ex ante control,some member states have tried to influence the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights by choosing judges who are loyal to national interests or who agree with those in power.In terms of ex post control,some member states often question,criticize and resist the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights,and strive to influence the judgments and decisions of the Court.In order to deal with political constraints,the European Court of Human Rights has adopted corresponding judicial strategies,such as widely applying the principle of marginal discretion and strategically treating member states differently.The different performances of the European Court of Human Rights at various stages also show that the courts carry the political intentions of certain member states.The complexity and sensitivity of human rights issues add to the politics of the European Court of Human Rights.The analysis of the article shows that the political nature of the international human rights judiciary is deeply entrenched and difficult to eliminate.Therefore,it is necessary to unveil the law to understand the competition of various forces and the limitations of the role of the international human rights judiciary.

关 键 词：欧洲人权法院 政治制约 司法策略 

分 类 号：D998.2[政治法律—国际法学]