政治组织中的文化多样性与经济绩效  

The Culture Diversity in Political Organization and Economic Performance

作　　者：陈刚[1,2] Gang Chen(School of Economics,Southwest University of Political Science and Law)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学经济学院 [2]西南政法大学制度经济学研究中心

出　　处：《经济学报》2020年第4期88-121,共34页China Journal of Economics

摘　　要：在政治组织中,文化的多样性可能促进集体决策“集思广益”,也可能抑制集体决策中的合作行为,因此,文化多样性对政治组织中集体决策的效率和质量,进而对组织绩效有着重要的影响。本文使用方言身份代理文化身份,测算了2005—2013年中国各地级市常委的文化多样性指数,在此基础上评估了文化多样性对以夜间灯光亮度衡量的地方经济绩效的影响。研究发现,地级市常委的文化多样性显著降低了本地夜间灯光亮度的增长率,且在控制了党政首长的文化差异、更多的常委异质性以及人口流入率等因素之后,这一发现均是稳健的;同时,利用地方党委换届影响常委文化多样性波动的外生冲击信息进行回归,同样发现地级市常委的文化多样性显著降低本地夜间灯光亮度增长率的证据。平均而言,地级市常委的文化多样性指数每增加一个标准差,本地夜间灯光亮度的增长率将会降低1.3~1.7个百分点左右,这大致相当于储蓄率降低5.4~7.5个百分点所造成的增长率损失;进一步以地级市常委家乡地集中率衡量常委间的人际交往强度,发现人际交往显著削弱了常委的文化多样性对夜间灯光亮度增长造成的不利影响。本文对完善中国的地方治理制度有着重要的启示意义。In political organizations,cultural diversity may promote brainstorming or inhibit cooperative behavior in collective decision-making.Therefore,cultural diversity has an important impact on the efficiency and quality of collective decision-making and organizational performance.Using the dialect identity to represent the cultural identity of the Standing Committee of Communist Party(SCCP),this paper calculated the cultural diversity index of the SCCP of prefecture-level cities in China from 2005 to 2013 and evaluated the impacts of cultural diversity of the SCCP of prefecture-level cities on economic performance as measured by luminosity.The study found that the cultural diversity of the SCCP of prefecture-level cities significantly reduced the growth rate of luminosity.It is still robust while controlling the cultural differences among party and government leaders,more heterogeneity of the SCCP of prefecture-level cities and population inflow rate,and using the exogenous shocks of the cultural diversity which is caused by the normal transition of the SCCP of prefecture-level cities to regression.On average,the growth rate of luminosity will decrease about 1.3%~1.7%as the cultural diversity index of the SCCP of prefecture-level cities increasing one standard deviation,it is roughly equivalent to the loss of 5.4%~7.5%reduction in saving rate.Further more,the personal contacts of the SCCP of prefecture-level cities weakened the adverse effects of the cultural diversity.

关 键 词：地级市党委 文化多样性 方言 夜间灯光亮度 经济绩效 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学] F127[经济管理—世界经济]