原位微乳液表活剂体系研制及在降压增注中的应用  

Development of in-situ microemulsion surfactant system and its application in pressure decrease and injection increase

作　　者：王伟琳[1] 李应成[2] 徐岩光[1] 张卫东[2] 朱建军[1] 鲍新宁[2] WANG Weilin;LI Yingcheng;XU Yanguang;ZHANG Weidong;ZHU Jianjun;BAO Xinning(Dongsheng Jinggong Petroleum Development Group Company Limited of Shengli Oilfield,Dongying 257000, China;Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Shanghai 201208, China)

机构地区：[1]胜利油田东胜精攻石油开发集团股份有限公司,山东东营257000 [2]中国石化上海石油化工研究院,上海201208

出　　处：《大庆石油地质与开发》2021年第2期116-122,共7页Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing

基　　金：中国石油化工集团有限公司重点科技攻关项目“剩余油二次富集人工诱导体系研发”(218021-1)。

摘　　要：低渗透油藏储量丰富,但孔喉细小、渗流阻力高。为解决表面活性剂在高温、高盐低渗透油藏中提高驱油效率的问题,研发了一种包含阴非离子表面活性剂和阳非离子表面活性剂的阴阳复合微乳液表面活性剂体系。通过在表面活性剂的活性分子中设计特种基团,达到兼具耐温性和结构可调控性;在设计合成阴非离子表面活性剂的基础上,与含有阳离子基团的表面活性剂进行复配,从而表现出超高界面活性;通过使阴阳混合胶束中阳离子头基处于内层、阴离子头基处于外层,而使体系总体呈负电性,从而显著降低阳离子表面活性剂在岩石表面的吸附量。界面性能、相态、洗油等实验测试结果表明,新研制的阴阳复合表面活性剂体系与原油接触能自发形成微乳液,具有原油增溶能力强、洗油能力强的特点。冀东油田、胜利油田进行的注水井降压增注矿场试验表明,微乳液表面活性剂的措施有效率达95%以上,可有效降压增注,对应油井增产效果明显。Low-permeability oil reservoirs are characterized by rich reserves,small pore-throat and high flow resistance.In order to solve the problem of enhancing oil displaced efficiency by the surfactant in high-temperature,high-salt and low-permeability oil reservoirs,an anionic-cationic composite microemulsion surfactant system including anionic-nonionic surfactant and cationic-nonionic surfactant has been developed.With the help of the special group designed in the surfactant molecular,both temperature resistance and structural adjustability has been realized.On the basis of the design and synthesis of anionic-nonionic surfactant,the surfactant was compounded with the surfactant containing cationic group to show ultra-high interfacial activity.By making cathodic and anionic head groups into the inner and the outer of reservoir respectively,the absorbed volume of cationic surfactant on the rock surface was greatly reduced for the system was generally negative charge.The tested results of the interface performance,phase behaviors and oil washing experiments show that the newly developed anionic-cationic composite surfactant can spontaneously form microemulsion in contact with crude oil,with the characteristics of strong solubility and oil washing efficiency.The field tests of reducing water-injection pressure and increasing injected volume in Jidong Oilfield and Shengli Oilfield show that the efficiency of microemulsion surfactant stimulation is above 95%,which can effectively reduce pressure and increase injection with obvious effect for the corresponding oil wells.

关 键 词：微乳液 抗温耐盐 复配体系 界面活性 溶解能力 洗油能力 

分 类 号：TE39[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]