荒漠绿洲交错带苹果园授粉技术研究  

Study on pollination techniques of apple orchards in desert and oasis ecotone

作　　者：王久照 兖攀 姜继元[1] WANG Jiuzhao;YAN Pan;JIANG Jiyuan(Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science,Shihezi 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院,石河子832000

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2021年第2期149-155,共7页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：兵团重大科技项目(2016jb03);兵团民生实事“提升农业科技水平”项目(2019)资助。

摘　　要：在南疆荒漠绿洲交错带的特殊环境条件下,以富士苹果为研究对象,通过开展不同授粉方式、不同授粉时期试验,形成高效节本的辅助授粉技术。结果表明:同一授粉时间的不同授粉方式中坐果率排序依次为人工点粉>器械喷粉>液体授粉。同一授粉方式的不同授粉时间中坐果率排序依次为始花第3/4d>始花第3/5d>始花第4/5d>始花第3d>始花第4d>始花第5d。综合来看在始花第3/4d进行人工点粉坐果率最高,而始花第3d进行液体授粉能在提高坐果率的同时还比点粉和器械喷粉更省工省力,是一种适合大面积推广应用的授粉技术。花前根外营养液喷施较对照可提高0.05的坐果率,配合辅助授粉效果更好。Under the special environmental conditions of desert oasis ecotone in southern Xinjiang,taking Fuji apple as the research object,through carrying out experiments of different pollination methods and different pollination periods,an efficient and cost-saving auxiliary pollination technology was formed.The results showed that the order of fruit setting rate under different pollination methods at the same pollination time was artificial point pollination>powder spraying>liquid pollination.The order of fruit setting rate in different pollination time under the same pollination method was:the third and fourth day after initial flowering>the third and fifth day after initial flowering>the fourth and fifth day after initial flowering>the third day after initial flowering>the fourth day after initial flowering>the fifth day after initial flowering.On the whole,the fruit setting rate of artificial point pollination on the third and fourth day after initial flowering was the highest,and liquid pollination on the third day could not only improve the fruit setting rate,but also save labor than point pollination and instrument spray pollination.It is a kind of pollination technology that can be widely applied.Compared with the control,the fruit setting rate was increased by 0.05,and the effect of assisted pollination was better.

关 键 词：荒漠绿洲交错带 苹果 授粉方式 授粉时间 根外营养 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学] Q945.1[农业科学—园艺学]