体育赛事转播的权利归属及法律关系分析  

Analysis on the Ownership of Rights and Legal Relationship of Sports Event Broadcasting

作　　者：叶敏[1] 李安阳 YE Min;LI Anyang(School of Law,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China)

机构地区：[1]江南大学法学院,江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2021年第2期219-226,共8页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目(项目编号:19YJC820067)。

摘　　要：在大数据时代背景下,商业化已成为现代体育赛事的主要运作模式,赛事组织者主要通过转播来营利,且其目标传播受众早已不限于购票入场的现场观众,而是包括网络观众在内的所有潜在收视群体。针对体育赛事节目的法律性质,在著作权语境下不应从字面上对“转播”进行人为的限缩解释,应当摆脱传统著作权法中类似广播组织权、信息网络传播权等概念的束缚,从受众范围而不是传播主体或传播方式的角度进行权利的划分,从而将赛事节目归入视听作品的一种。而对于体育赛事转播的权利归属及法律关系,通过分析受众、体育赛事组织者、体育赛事节目制作人、体育赛事授权转播方、运动员各自的法律地位及其相互间的法律关系,并在综合比较各国法律规定与结合我国具体国情的基础上,可以看出应当确认赛事组织方享有类似电影出品人的地位,转播方则可基于其授权享有在一定范围内以一定方式进行转播的权利。同时,由于目标受众群体的交叉,网络平台上未经授权的转播行为既侵犯了赛事组织方的发行权,也损害了被授权转播方的转播权。对这类行为仅仅靠反不正当竞争的救济途径是不足的,应当通过著作权法加以规制,强化对体育赛事节目转播侵权行为的法律规制,丰富权利受损的救济途径。Under the background of the era of big data,commercialization has become the main operation mode of modern sports events.The target audience of the event organizers is not limited to live audience who buy tickets to enter the stadium,but all potential audience groups including network audience.Broadcasting is the main way to make profits.In view of the legal nature of sports event programs,in the context of copyright,a narrow interpretation o“f broadcasting”literally should not be taken.We should get rid of the shackles of such concepts in the traditional copyright law as broadcasting organizations'right or information network dissemination right,etc.The event programs could be included into audio-visual works by dividing the rights through angle of audiences instead of subjects or modes of dissemination.For the ownership of the sports broadcasting rights and legal relationship,through the analysis of the legal statuses and legal relationships of audience,organizers of sports events,sports events producer,authorized broadcasters of sporting events and athletes,and on the basis of the comprehensive comparison of the legal provisions of various countries combined with China's specific national conditions,it is could be concluded that the organizers of the event enjoyed the status similar to the film producers,and the broadcasts could enjoy the right to broadcast in a certain way within a certain range based on their authorization.At the same time,due to the intersection of target audiences,unauthorized broadcasting on the network platform not only infringes the distribution rights of the event organizers,but also damages the broadcasting rights of the authorized broadcasters.It is not enough to rely solely on the remedies against unfair competition,regulations by copyright law are necessary to strengthen the legal regulations on the sports event broadcasting tort behaviors and to enrich the relief ways of the right damage.

关 键 词：体育赛事转播 目标受众 网络直播平台 信息网络传播权 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]