mRNA m6A修饰在基因表达中的调控作用研究进展  

Advances in Research of m RNA m6A Modification in Gene Expression Regulation

作　　者：张翔 杜娟[1] 陈雅慧[1] 殷松娜 Zhang Xiang;Du Juan;Chen Yahui;Yin Songna(Medical College of Yan'an University,Yan'an,716000)

机构地区：[1]延安大学医学院,延安716000

出　　处：《基因组学与应用生物学》2020年第11期5263-5270,共8页Genomics and Applied Biology

基　　金：陕西省教育厅专项项目(18JK0863);陕西省教育厅专项项目(18JK0869);延安大学博士科研启动项目(2050-40136);延安大学校级引导项目(205100114)共同资助。

摘　　要：目前已知的关于RNA的修饰方式已超过100种,其中信使RNA修饰中的N6-甲基腺苷(m6A)是目前研究最为广泛的一种动态修饰方式,在甲基转移酶复合物(m6A"readers")与RNA结合蛋白(m6A"readers")的作用下促进m6A修饰的形成,由去甲基酶(m6A"erasers")进行去除m6A修饰,从而实现动态的调节。m6A修饰与mRNA加工过程中的多个步骤的调节均相关。因此,本研究中我们主要讨论了mRNA m6A在基因的转录后表达中的调控作用,并分析了其在不同物种之间的功能差异。然而,由于目前关于mRNA m6A研究的技术手段的限制,关于mRNA m6A的修饰位点的测序以及定量鉴定还需要更加先进的手段来完善,而且,能够发生m6A修饰的mRNA中的靶位点的特异性选择是如何发生的以及m6A的错误调控是如何影响基因的表达进而诱发人类疾病机制仍未可知,未来的工作可将m6A调控的基因表达效应与生物表型联系起来以加深我们对m RNA m6A修饰作为调控基因表达的一种重要方式的理解。There are more than 100 known distinct modifications,N6-methyladenosine(m6 A)in messenger RNA is the most widely studied dynamic modification.IT is installed by the methyltransferase complex(m6 A"readers")and RNA binding protein(m6 A"readers"),and removed by demethylase(m6 A"erasers")to achieve the dynamic adjustment.The m6 A modification is associated with the regulation of multiple steps in mRNA processing,thus,the regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression functions of mRNA m6 A were mainly discussed in this paper,and their functional differences among different species were also analyzed.However,due to the current technical limitations,more advanced methods are needed to improve the sequencing of the target site for m6 A modification.Moreover,the specific selection of target sites in m6 A mRNA is still unknown,and it is unclear how the misregulation of m6 A induces the occurrence of human diseases.Future work should link gene expression effects with biological phenotypes to deepen our understanding of mRNA modification as an important way to regulate gene expression.

关 键 词：mRNA修饰 N6-甲基腺苷(m6A) 转录后调控 

分 类 号：Q943.2[生物学—植物学]