微生物基覆盖材料对新垦滨海盐土理化性质的影响  

Effect of Soil Amendment with Microbes on Physical and Chemical Properties ofReclaimedSaline Soil in Coastal Areas

作　　者：韩瑞 姚宇阗 尚辉 张弛[1] 郑金海[1] 陈立华[1] HAN Rui;YAO Yutian;SHANG Hui;ZHANG Chi;ZHENG Jinhai;CHEN Lihua(Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Jiangsu Province Costal Development Co.Ltd,Nanjing 210019,China;Jiangsu Province Costal Development(DongTai)Co.Ltd,Dongtai 224200,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学,南京210098 [2]江苏省沿海开发集团有限公司,南京210019 [3]江苏省沿海开发(东台)有限公司,江苏东台224200

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2021年第3期94-100,共7页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：江苏省重点研发项目(BE2018736);国家自然科学基金项目(41701304);江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目(KYCX20_0553);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2018B49114);南京市科技计划项目(20180504)。

摘　　要：微生物菌丝能够固结有机物物料形成的封闭覆盖物,实现对土壤的有效覆盖。【目的】微生物基覆盖材料的应用可降低海涂土壤蒸发、增强土壤水分入渗、促进土壤团粒结构形成和稳定,有利于减少表层土壤盐分累积,加速盐分洗脱。【方法】设置原始匡围滩涂处理(RCS,滩涂匡围完成后不进行人为处理)、常规处理(CVT,淡水洗盐+牛粪堆肥,牛粪堆施用量为4500 kg/hm^(2))、田菁处理(SES,常规处理+田菁种植,田菁播种量为18 kg/hm2)和微生物基覆盖材料(Microbiological Covering Materials,MCMs)处理(MCT,田菁处理+微生物基覆盖材料,覆盖量7500 kg/hm2),研究了不同农艺措施对滨海重盐土壤理化性状及盐分迁移影响。【结果】相较于SES处理,MCT处理单位面积田菁生物量显著增加,增加了约75.83%。相较于原始匡围滩涂(RCS)处理,MCT处理表层土壤(0~10 cm)田间持水率增加了25.23%;0~10、10~20、20~30 cm土层土壤质量含水率分别增加了37.34%、36.17%、19.67%,体积质量分别降低了9.52%、9.46%、8.67%,毛管孔隙度分别增加了14.55%、13.33%、10.54%;0~30 cm土层土壤有效磷量和速效钾量显著增加,各土层有效磷量分别增加了160.52%、297.58%、280.84%,速效钾量分别增加了186.25%、90.08%、6.00%;0~30 cm土层土壤有机质量显著提升,各土层分别增加了505.88%、594.44%、372.45%,可溶性盐量显著降低,分别降低了87.25%、85.44%、77.12%。【结论】MCMs覆盖显著增加了田菁的生物量、改善了土壤性状、增加了土壤养分、加速了土层盐分垂向迁移和降水入渗。因此,微生物基覆盖材料的使用可以加快滨海滩涂重盐土土壤中盐分的洗脱速率,促进耐盐植物生长,有利于滩涂生态建设。【Background】Tidal flat is a natural ecological system with multiple functions for regulating coastal environments.Soil in most tidal flats in Chinais rich in sodium chloride but is poorly structured,short of organic matter and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus,which undermine the ecological services the flats are expected to provide.Remediating tidal flats is therefore imperative to improve their functions,a key in which is to improve soil permeability and aggregation so as to facilitate salt leaching and plant growth.【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the feasibility of using fungi hyphaeas a soil conditioner to improve soil quality and reduce water evaporation.【Method】We compared four remediating treatments:reclaiming the coastal soil only(RCS),conventional remediation coupled with freshwater washing and cattle manure application(CVT),CVT plus planting Sesbaniacannabina(SES),amending the soil with fungi hyphae(MCMs),MCMs plus planting Sesbaniacannabina(MCT).The efficacy of MCMs at improving physical and chemical properties of soil,as well as salt leaching and growth of the S.cannabina was measured and compared with other treatments.【Result】Compared to SES,MCMs significantly increasedthe biomass of S.cannabina(P<0.05)by 75.83%.Compared to RCS,MCT increased:①the field capacity of the 0~10cm soil by 25.23%;②bulk density of soil in 0~10,10~20 and 20~30cm layers by 9.52%,9.46%,8.67%,respectively;③water content in 0~10,10~20,20~30cm layers by 37.34%,36.17%and 19.67%,respectively;④the capillary porosity in 0~10,10~20,20~30cm layers by 14.55%,13.33%and 10.54%respectively;⑤the available P in 0~10,10~20,20~30cm layers by 160.52%,297.58%and 280.84%,respectively;⑥the available K in 0~10,10~20,20~30cmlayers by 186.25%,90.08%and 6.00%,respectively;⑦the organic matter content in 0~10,10~20 and 20~30cm layers by 505.88%,594.44%and 372.45%respectively;⑧the soluble salt content in 0~10,10~20,20~30cm layers by 87.25%,85.44%and 77.12%respectively.【Conclusion】MCT increas

关 键 词：滨海滩涂 微生物基覆盖材料 重盐土 土壤理化性状 田菁 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]