同步辐射小角X射线散射及其在材料研究中的应用  

Synchrotron Radiation Small Angle X-ray Scattering in Materials Research

作　　者：杨春明 洪春霞[1,2] 周平 缪夏然[1,2] 李小芸 李秀宏[1,2,3] 边风刚 YANG Chunming;HONG Chunxia;ZHOU Ping;MIAO Xiaran;LI Xiaoyun;LI Xiuhong;BIAN Fenggang(Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility,Shanghai Advanced Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201204,China;Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海高等研究院上海光源,上海201204 [2]中国科学院上海应用物理研究所,上海201800 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2021年第2期112-119,111,共9页Materials China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1932118,U1732123);科技部重点研发计划项目(2018YFB0704200,2017YFA0403000)。

摘　　要：小角X射线散射(small angle X-ray scattering,SAXS)是研究物质内部一纳米到数百纳米甚至到微米尺度级别微观结构的有力工具。近年来随着我国同步辐射技术的不断发展,同步辐射SAXS技术被越来越多地应用到各种材料的研究领域。然而,由于SAXS图谱是倒空间的信号,并不像显微镜那么直观,也不如X射线衍射(XRD)那么被大家所熟知。简要介绍了SAXS的基本原理(稀疏体系、稠密体系),简短回顾了我国同步辐射小角散射线站的发展和进步。主要介绍了最近十余年基于同步辐射SAXS原位实时检测技术在高分子材料成型加工(结晶、取向性、周期性),原位SAXS和反常SAXS技术在合金相析出(成分、团簇尺寸),以及掠入射X射线散射在介孔薄膜(区域尺寸、位错因子)和有机光伏薄膜等领域中的典型应用,并展望了同步辐射SAXS技术的发展趋势及其在材料领域的应用前景。Small angle X-ray scattering(SAXS)is a powerful tool for the studying of the microscopic structure of materials from 1 nm to hundreds of nm and even micron scale.With the development of synchrotron radiation technology in China,synchrotron radiation SAXS has been more and more applied to the research in various fields of materials.However,since SAXS is observed in a reciprocal space,it is not as intuitive as a microscope and is not as well known as X-ray diffraction(XRD).In this paper,the basic principles of SAXS(sparse system,dense system)are introduced,and the development and progress of synchrotron radiation SAXS beamline in China are also briefly reviewed.The typical applications of in-situ SAXS techniques are introduced,for example,in-situ real-time SAXS in polymer materials processing(crystallization,orientation,periodicity,etc.),in-situ and abnormal SAXS applications in the phase precipitation of the alloy(precipitation chemical composition,clusters size,etc.),and grazing incidence X-ray scattering in the mesoporous thin films(domain size,dislocation factor,etc.)as well as organic photovoltaic film,etc.Finally,the development trends of synchrotron radiation SAXS technology and its application prospect in materials research are also discussed.

关 键 词：小角X射线散射 同步辐射 掠入射X射线散射 广角X射线散射 原位SAXS 反常小角X射线散射 

分 类 号：O57[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]