试析卡特政府裁军政策  

Analysis of the Carter Administration’s Disarmament Policy

作　　者：赵澄宇 ZHAO Cheng-yu(School of History and Culture,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学历史文化学院,北京100081

出　　处：《石家庄学院学报》2021年第2期50-56,共7页Journal of Shijiazhuang University

摘　　要：美苏冷战期间,美国的裁军政策成为其外交政策的重要组成部分,并直接对国际关系和国际安全产生着重要影响。在20世纪70年代美苏"缓和"的背景下,美国与苏联在裁军问题上达成部分协议,对国际关系与国际安全具有重要意义。卡特上台后,将"人权"思想与"缓和"战略相结合,形成了具有他本人色彩的裁军政策。他在上台的第一年便重启了第二阶段限制战略武器会谈并对外发布了第13号总统令,宣布对出售常规武器实行单方面克制,随后又推动开展了常规武器转让谈判并达成了《第二阶段限制战略武器条约》。但在1979年苏联入侵阿富汗后,卡特通过裁军限制苏联的幻想彻底破灭,他被迫宣布了"卡特主义"并采取一系列措施制裁苏联。此后,卡特逐渐放弃"缓和"政策转向强调"以实力为基础"的对苏强硬政策,在其任内最后一年重新扩大军备开支,研制新型武器,增加国防预算,正式放弃其裁军政策,最终为里根政府更加具有侵略性的军事政策奠定了基础。During the cold war between the United States and the Soviet Union, America’s disarmament policy becomes an important part of its foreign policy and has a direct impact on international relations and international security. Under the background of "detente" between the U.S. and the Soviet Union in the 1970 s,the U.S. and the Soviet Union reaches a partial agreement on disarmament, which is of great significance to international relations and international security. After coming into power, Carter combines the idea of "human rights" with the strategy of "detente" and forms a disarmament policy with his own characteristics. In the first year of taking office, he restarts the second phase of the strategic arms restriction talks and issues Presidential Decree No. 13, announcing unilateral restraint on the sale of conventional weapons, and then promotes the negotiation of conventional arms transfer and reaches "The Second Phase of the Strategic Arms Restriction Treaty". After the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979, Carter’s illusion of restricting the Soviet Union through disarmament is completely disillusioned. He is forced to declare "Carterism" and takes a series of measures to sanction the Soviet Union. After that, Carter gradually gives up the "moderation" policy and turns to a hardly policy on the Soviet Union emphasizing "power-based". In the last year of his tenure, carter re-expands the arms expenditure, develops new types of weapons, increases the defense budget and formally abandons his disarmament policy. It lies the foundation for the more aggressive military policy of the Reagan administration.

关 键 词：卡特政府 裁军政策 缓和 第二阶段限制战略武器会谈 限制军售政策 

分 类 号：E10[军事—军事理论]