油用牡丹在高温高湿地区引种栽培研究  

Study on the Introduction and Cultivation of Paeonia suffruticosa cv in High Temperature and High Humidity Area

作　　者：郭承芸 张远福 范方喜 罗素梅 刘小平 周勇辉 GUO Cheng-yun;ZHANG Yuan-fu;FAN Fang-xi(Flower Research Institute of Ganzhou,Ganzhou,Jiangxi 341000)

机构地区：[1]赣州市花卉研究所,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2021年第6期116-118,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：赣州市科技计划项目重点研发计划“油用牡丹在赣南地区的适应性及配套技术研究”(赣市财教字〔2017〕8号);赣州市科技计划项目赣南科学院部分“不同种源油用牡丹耐热性及越夏技术研究”(赣市财教字〔2017〕179号)。

摘　　要：以高温高湿气候的赣南地区为试验点,引进山东菏泽的“凤丹”油用牡丹为试验材料,采用大田移栽与播种的方式,通过观测油用牡丹的移栽成活率、地径、株高、冠幅、种子萌芽率、主根长、侧根数等,研究不同引种苗龄、不同作物套种对油用牡丹生长指标的影响以及不同浸种方式对油用牡丹萌发的影响。结果表明:油用牡丹在高温高湿的赣南地区能够正常开花座果,其物候表现为1月萌芽,2月展叶、现蕾、开花,3月盛花、谢花;引种苗龄植株的株高、地径、冠幅、叶量、花量、成活率均呈现1年生苗<2年生苗<3年生苗<4年生苗,各苗龄的株高、地径、冠幅、叶量之间差异显著;与CK相比,套种玉米、芝麻、大豆的油用牡丹株高之间差异显著;GA_(3)浓度在100~300 mg/L时能够有效提高油用牡丹种子出芽率,当GA_(3)浓度在300~500 mg/L时,抑制油用牡丹种子的萌芽。综上所述,油用牡丹在赣南地区能够正常开花座果,不同苗龄的生长指标之间差异显著,套种能够有效促进植株伸长生长,100 mg/L的GA_(3)浸泡油用牡丹24 h,出芽效果最佳。The area of South Jiangxi with“high temperature and high humidity”climate was as the experimental site for studying on introducing of the“Fengdan”oil peony from Heze,Shandong Province,by transplanting and seeding.In order to study the effects of different seedling ages,different crops interplanting on the growth of Paeonia suffruticosa cv,and the effects of different soaking methods on the germination of Paeonia suffruticosa cv,the observation indexes were the transplanting survival rate,plant diameter,plant height,crown diameter,the seed germination rate,main root length and lateral root number of Paeonia suffruticosa cv.The results showed that Paeonia suffruticosa cv could flower and fruit normally,adapt to the phenology of South Jiangxi,budding in January,unfolding,budding and flowering in February,blooming and withering in March.The characteristics of plant height,ground diameter,crown breadth,leaf quantity,flower quantity and survival rate of the introduced seedlings were manifested as 1 a seedling<2 a seedling<3 a seedling<4 a seedling,difference was significant among the plant height,ground diameter,crown breadth and leaf quantity.Compared with CK,the plant height of Paeonia suffruticosa cv interplanting corn,sesame and soybean was significantly different;GA_(3)(100-300 mg/L)can effectively improve the germination rate of Paeonia suffruticosa cv seeds.When the concentration was between 300-500 mg/L,GA_(3) can inhibit the germination of Paeonia suffruticosa cv seeds.To sum up,oil peony can flower and fruit normally in the area of South Jiangxi,the growth characteristics of different age seedlings were significantly different.Interplanting can effectively promote plant elongation and growth.The best germination effect is to soak Paeonia suffruticosa cv with 100 mg/L GA_(3) for 24 hours.

关 键 词：油用牡丹 高温高湿 苗龄 套种 浸种方式 

分 类 号：S565.9[农业科学—作物学]