中小学生近视相关健康信念与屏幕时间的相关性  

Myopia-related health belief and screen time of primary and secondary school students

作　　者：王丽蒙 何鲜桂[2] 谢辉 徐文燕 潘臣炜[3] 王向东[1] WANG Limeng;HE Xiangui;XIE Hui;XU Wenyan;PAN Chenwei;WANG Xiangdong(Department of School Children Eye Disease Prevention,Shanghai Jing'an District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai(200072),China;不详)

机构地区：[1]上海市静安区疾病预防控制中心学校眼防科,200072 [2]上海市眼病防治中心防保科 [3]苏州大学医学部公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2021年第2期181-184,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2019 HY320001);上海市公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划优秀人才培养计划(GWV-10.2-XD09);上海市眼病防治中心第三轮人才培养项目(15GWZK0601-QJN16)。

摘　　要：目的了解上海市静安区中小学生近视相关健康信念因素及其与屏幕时间的相关性,为减少屏幕时间和预防近视提供健康宣教相关政策建议。方法采用整群抽样的方法选取上海市静安区内1所小学与1所初中的一至八年级1 585名学生进行问卷调查,分析近视相关健康信念因素持有情况、屏幕时间情况及两者的相关性。结果 18.8%~44.4%的学生具备近视相关的易感性信念,且随着年级上升而上升(χ趋势2=33.25,P<0.01);51.5%~78.0%的学生具备近视相关严重性信念,39.3%~55.6%的学生具备近视相关的威胁性信念, 48.7%~77.5%的学生具备预防近视相关的自我效能,均随年级上升而下降。超过47.6%的学生每日屏幕时间>2 h,每日屏幕时间随着年级上升而上升(χ趋势2=12.18,P<0.01)。近视相关严重性信念、威胁性信念和自我效能认知均对学生屏幕时间情况有影响。结论静安区中小学生对近视易感性、威胁性认知较差,而对近视的严重性及预防近视的自我效能认知较好。同时,近50%学生存在电子屏幕使用时间过长或用眼距离过近的现象。应通过加强学生近视易感性、威胁性、预防近视自我效能的相关认知,改善学生屏幕时间情况,从而预防近视的发生发展。Objective To understand the correlation between myopia related health belief and screen time of primary and secondary school students in Jing’an District of Shanghai, and to provide suggestions for reducing screen time and preventing myopia. Methods Using the method of cluster sampling,1 585 students from grade one to grade eight of a primary school and a junior high school in Jing’an District were selected for a questionnaire survey regarding myopia related health belief, screen time and the correlation between them. Results About 18.8%-44.4% of the students perceived themselves as myopia susceptible,which increased with grade(χ^(2)=33.25,P<0.01), 51.5%-78.0% of the students were aware of the adverse health impart of myopia, 39.3%-55.6% of the students were aware of unhealthy behaviors associated with myopia and 48.7%-77.5% of the students. More than 47.6% of the students’ daily screen time was more than 2 h/day, and daily screen time increased with grade(χ^(2)=12.18, P<0.01). Perceived susceptibility for myopia, awareness on adverse health impact of myopia and unhealthy behaviors associated with myopia, as well as self-efficacy associated with myopia prevention were associated with screen time of students. Conclusion The primary and middle school students in Jing’an District show low lever of knowledge on myopia susceptibility and threat, but higher lever of knowledge on myopia severity and self-efficacy of preventing myopia. nearly half of the students use electronic screens too long or too close to their eyes. Awareness on myopia susceptibility, myopia-related behaviors and health impacts of myopia and self-efficacy, combined with screen time reduction might help myopia prevention.

关 键 词：近视 健康教育 注视 眼 时间 学生 

分 类 号：R179G479[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R778.11[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]