化肥减施下紫云英不同翻压量对水稳性团聚体及双季稻产量的影响  

Effects of the Incorporation of Various Amounts of Chinese Milk Vetch and Reducing Chemical Fertilizer on Water-stable Aggregates and Yield in Double Cropping Rice System

作　　者：聂鑫 鲁艳红[2,3] 廖育林 高雅洁[2,3] 程会丹 朱启东 曹卫东 聂军 NIE Xin;LU Yanhong;LIAO Yulin;GAO Yajie;CHENG Huidan;ZHU Qidong;CAO Weidong;NIE Jun(Longping Branch,Graduate School of Hunan University,Changsha 410125,China;Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province,Changsha 410125,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation(Hunan),Ministry of Agriculture,Changsha 410125,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学研究生院隆平分院,湖南长沙410125 [2]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125 [3]农业部湖南耕地保育科学观测实验站,湖南长沙410125 [4]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《华北农学报》2020年第6期155-164,共10页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项(2017YFD0301504,2018YFD03006);国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22-G-11);湖南省农业科学院科技创新项目(2019LS03-1)。

摘　　要：为了探究不同紫云英翻压量对土壤水稳性团聚体及其有机碳、全氮含量与分布、水稻产量的影响。在减量氮、钾肥20%条件下,设置CK(不施化肥、紫云英)、F100(常规施肥)和翻压紫云英15000(GM_(1)),22500(GM_(2)),30000(GM_(3)),37500 kg/hm^(2)(GM_(4))6个处理。结果表明:与CK和F100处理相比,减量施用氮、钾化肥20%并翻压不同量紫云英均能增加土壤水稳性大团聚体中1.000~2.000 mm,0.500~1.000 mm粒级的占比。减量施用氮、钾化肥20%条件下翻压不同量紫云英对团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)和平均几何直径(GMD)无显著影响。减量施用氮、钾化肥20%,翻压不同量紫云英均显著(P<0.05)提高了水稳性团聚体1.000~2.000 mm,0.500~1.000 mm粒级中水稳性团聚体有机碳和全氮含量的占比,同时也提高了1.000~2.000 mm粒级养分贡献率。4个减量施肥翻压紫云英处理中以减量施用氮、钾化肥20%翻压紫云英30000 kg/hm^(2)处理的早、晚稻和全年水稻产量最高,较CK分别增加了99.4%,51.5%,68.2%,较F100处理分别增加了5.4%,2.9%,3.9%。综合考虑对土壤1.000~2.000 mm,0.500~1.000 mm粒级水稳性团聚体分布、团聚体中有机碳和全氮分布和双季稻产量的影响,在本试验中减量施用氮、钾化肥20%翻压紫云英30000 kg/hm^(2)较适宜。In order to explore the effects of soil water-stable aggregates and their organic carbon,total nitrogen content and distribution,and rice yield by different Chinese milk vetch.Under the conditions of reduced nitrogen and potassium fertilizers by 20%,set 6 treatments of CK(no fertilizer,Chinese milk vetch),F100(Conventional fertilization),and Chinese milk vetch 15000(GM_(1)),22500(GM_(2)),30000(GM_(3)),37500 kg/ha(GM_(4)).The results showed that compared with CK and F100 treatments,reducing the application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers by 20%and applying different amounts of Chinese milk vetch increased the size proportion of 1.000-2.000 mm and 0.500-1.000 mm soil water-stable macroaggregates.Application of reduced nitrogen and potassium fertilizers at 20%and turning over different amounts of Chinese milk vetch without significant effect on the average weight diameter(MWD)and average geometric diameter(GMD)of the aggregates,however,significantly(P<0.05)increased the content of organic carbon and total nitrogen in the water-stable aggregates of 1.000-2.000 mm and 0.500-1.000 mm size.It also increased the nutrient contribution rate in 1.000-2.000 mm size.Among the 4 treatments of reducing fertilization and applying Chinese milk vetch,the yield of early,late and annual rice under reduced application of 20%nitrogen and potassium fertilizers with applying 30000 kg/ha Chinese milk vetch was the highest,which increased by 99.4%,51.5%and 68.2%compared with CK treatment and 5.4%,2.9%and 3.9%compared with F100 treatment,respectively.Considering the effects on the distribution of water-stable aggregates,organic carbon and total nitrogen distribution in the aggregates and double cropping rice yield of 1.000-2.000 mm and 0.500-1.000 mm,it is more appropriate to apply 20%nitrogen and potassium fertilizers with 30000 kg/ha Chinese milk vetch in this experiment.

关 键 词：紫云英 减施氮、钾化肥 水稳性团聚体 有机碳 全氮 水稻产量 

分 类 号：S142[农业科学—肥料学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]