铝胁迫对不同耐铝油菜品种苗期生长发育和养分吸收的影响  

Effects of Aluminum Stress on Growth and Nutrient Absorption of Different Aluminum-tolerant Rapeseed Varieties at Seedling Stage

作　　者：熊洁[1] 丁戈[1] 李书宇[1] 陈伦林[1] 宋来强[1] XIONG Jie;DING Ge;LI Shuyu;CHEN Lunlin;SONG Laiqiang(Crops Research Institute,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang Branch of National Center of Oil Crops Improvement,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture,P.R.China,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oil Crops Biology,Nanchang 330200,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院作物研究所,国家油料改良中心南昌分中心,农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,江西省油料作物生物学重点实验室,江西南昌330200

出　　处：《华北农学报》2020年第6期165-171,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31560348);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-12)。

摘　　要：为探明铝胁迫对油菜生长发育和养分吸收特性的影响,以2个耐铝性差异显著的油菜品种为试验材料,采用营养液培养,设置4个铝胁迫浓度和2个胁迫时间,测定根系形态指标(总根长、总根表面积、总根体积、总根尖数)、生长指标(根茎粗、株高、地上干质量、根干质量)和营养元素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Al)的含量。结果表明,铝胁迫降低了油菜总根长、总根表面积、总根体积、总根尖数以及根茎粗、株高、根干质量、地上干质量,且随着铝浓度的增加和胁迫时间的延长降幅增大,敏感型品种降幅大于耐铝型品种。铝胁迫对油菜地上部和根系中铝元素的吸收具有促进作用,其中根系铝含量增幅高于地上部;而对N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe等元素的吸收有抑制作用。随着铝胁迫浓度增加和胁迫时间延长各元素含量的增幅或降幅增大,且基因型之间存在着一定的差异,敏感型品种的变化幅度大于耐铝型品种。由此可见,与敏感型品种相比,耐铝型油菜品种的根系形态、地上部生长和营养元素吸收受铝毒害的抑制作用较小,其对铝毒害有较强的适应能力。研究结果可为酸性土壤上的油菜高产栽培提供理论依据。In order to explore the effects of aluminum(Al)stress on growth and nutrient absorption characteristics of different Al-tolerant rapeseed varieties,a hydroponically experiment with four concentrations and two stress time of Al treatment was carried out to measure root morphology(total root length,total root surface area,total root volume,total root tips),growth indicators(rootstock thickness,plant height,dry weight above ground,dry weight of root system)and nutrient elements(N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Al)content.The results showed that Al stress reduced total root length,total root surface area,total root volume,total root tips,rhizome thickness,plant height,root dry weight,and above-ground dry weight.With the increase of concentration and time of Al treatment,the decrease of root and growth indicators were further enhanced,and these decrease of Al-sensitive variety were more than that of Al-tolerant variety.Al stress promoted the absorption of Al in the shoots and roots of rapeseed,and the increase of Al content in roots were higher than that in the shoots;while it had a inhibition on the absorption of N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe and other elements.With the increase of concentration and time of Al treatment,these increase or decrease of nutrient elements content were further enhanced,and there were certain differences between genotypes,while these variation of Al-sensitive variety were more than that of Al-tolerant variety.Obviously,compared with Al-sensitive variety,the root morphology,aerial growth and nutrient absorption of Al-tolerant variety which had stronger adaptability to aluminum toxicity were less inhibited.The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the high-yield cultivation of rapeseed on acid soil.

关 键 词：油菜 铝胁迫 形态指标 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S634.01[农业科学—蔬菜学] S143.7[农业科学—园艺学]