中国遗迹学研究十年进展  

Research progress of Chinese ichnology in recent ten years

作　　者：胡斌[1,3] 齐永安[1,2,3] 宋慧波 牛永斌[1,3] 张立军[1,3] 郑伟[1,3] 王长征[1,3] Hu Bin;Qi Yong-An;Song Hui-Bo;Niu Yong-Bin;Zhang Li-Jun;Zheng Wei;Wang Chang-Zheng(School of Resource and Environment,Henan Polytechnic University,Henan Jiaozuo 454003,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Coalbed Methane and Shale Gas for Central Plains Economic Region of Henan Province,Henan Jiaozuo 454003,China;Key Laboratory of Biogenic Traces&Sedimentary Minerals of Henan Province,Henan Jiaozuo 454003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学资源环境学院,河南焦作454003 [2]中原经济区煤层(页岩)气河南省协同创新中心,河南焦作454003 [3]河南省生物遗迹与成矿过程重点实验室,河南焦作454003

出　　处：《古地理学报》2021年第2期284-320,共37页Journal of Palaeogeography：Chinese Edition

摘　　要：近十年来,中国遗迹学的研究取得许多新进展和新认识,重要成果概述如下:(1)在显生宙海相和过渡相沉积中新识别出84个遗迹属和211个遗迹种,新建28种遗迹组合及26种遗迹组构;在中生代和新生代陆相冲积扇、河流与湖泊沉积中识别出44个遗迹属和107个遗迹种,新建22种遗迹组合及10种遗迹组构;(2)论述了寒武纪底质革命对早期底栖生物的进化和生态效应的影响;(3)提出了3种古氧相(常氧相、贫氧相和厌氧相)的遗迹化石响应关系及其形成的沉积背景;(4)在华北下二叠统太原组灰岩中发现了大量成因与微生物相关的碳酸盐岩微形体,在动藻迹(Zoophycos)潜穴充填物中识别出球状、杆状、簇状、网状、瓶状和似脑球状6种微形体,描述了由造迹者与共生微生物一起进行一系列生命活动行为所形成的复杂精美的生物成因构造;(5)揭示了复杂遗迹化石动藻迹(Zoophycos)从浅阶层迁移至深阶层与从浅海迁移至半深海—深海同步的演化规律;(6)提出了滨—浅海和湖泊环境中风暴与浊流事件沉积序列中以及P/Tr界线附近遗迹化石的组成与分布特征,并论证了P-Tr事件前后遗迹化石及其造迹生物生态系统的演变规律,为晚二叠世末生物大灭绝后的生态系统复苏过程提供了可靠的遗迹学信息;(7)在华东、华北和西部地区多处新发现侏罗纪和白垩纪大量兽脚类、蜥脚类和鸟脚类恐龙足迹群;(8)在华北地台中元古界和上二叠统—下三叠统碎屑岩中识别出多种微生物成因沉积构造;(9)详细分析了碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩储集层中的生物扰动作用和遗迹组构及其对储集层物性的影响,建立了生物扰动变化三维地质模型,并提出了生物扰动型储集层的表征与研究方法。上述研究成果极大地促进了中国在遗迹分类学、遗迹相、遗迹组构、地微生物以及遗迹学在事件沉积和油气储层应用研究等方面的发展�Many new advances and understandings have been made in the study of Chinese ichnology in recent ten years,and key results are outlined below:(1)84 ichnogenera and 211 ichnospecies have been identified and 28 types of ichnoassemblages and 26 types of ichnofabrics have been established in the Phanerozoic marine and transitional deposits;44 ichnogenera and 107 ichnospecies have been identified and 22 types of ichnoassemblages and 10 kinds of ichnofabrics have been established in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic terrestrial(alluvial fan,fluvial and lacustrine)deposits;(2)The impact of the Cambrian Substrate Revolution on the evolution of early benthic organisms and ecological effects was discussed;(3)The response relationship of 3 kinds of palaeo-oxygenation(aerobic,dysaerobic and anaerobic)facies to ichnofossils and their deposition backgrounds was proposed;(4)Many carbonate micro-shapes(single mineral and aggregates)related to microbes were found in limestones of the Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation of the northern China,and six kinds of carbonate micro-shapes were distinguished by observing Zoophycos burrow fillings,which are spheroid-like,rhabditiform,areatus,net-like,vase-like and cerebrum-like.Meanwhile,it was described that many complex and delicate biogenetic structures formed by a series of life activities of trace-makers with symbiotic micro-organisms;(5)The sedimentary setting evolution of a complex ichnofossil Zoophycos was revealed,i.e.,the bathymetrical shift of Zoophycos from the littoral-neritic to bathyal-abyssal environments synchronized with the tiering shift from shallow to deep;(6)It was suggested that the composition and distribution characteristics of ichnofossils in a sedimentary sequence of storm and turbidity currents in the littoral-neritic and lacustrine environments and nearby P-Tr boundary,and the ecological system evolution law of ichnofossils and their trac-makers before and after the P-Tr event was demonstrated,which provides a reliable ichnologic information for the ecosystem recovery proces

关 键 词：中国遗迹学 遗迹化石 遗迹相 遗迹组合 遗迹组构 沉积环境 

分 类 号：Q991.28[生物学]