氮肥运筹对砂壤土麦田土壤水氮分布和利用的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Application on Distribution and Utilization of Soil Water and Nitrogen in Ssandy Loam Wheat Field

作　　者：袁浩 王继唯 张世卿 马阳 张帆[1] 彭正萍 夏辉[1] 李旭光 YUAN Hao;WANG Ji-wei;ZHANG Shi-qing;MA Yang;ZHANG Fan;PENG Zheng-ping;XIA Hui;LI Xu-guang(College of Urban and Rural Construction,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,Hebei Province,China;College of Resources and Environmental Science/Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-environment,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,Hebei Province,China;State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation,Baoding 071001,Hebei Province,China;Hebei Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring and Protection Center,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学城乡建设学院,河北保定071001 [2]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院/河北省农田生态环境重点实验室,河北保定071001 [3]国家华北作物改良与调控重点实验室,河北保定071001 [4]河北省耕地质量监测保护中心,石家庄050000

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2021年第3期112-118,共7页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划(19226425D);河北省人才工程培养资助项目(A201910003)。

摘　　要：为解决河北省黑龙港区砂壤质氮肥施用问题,分别设置不施氮肥T1,总施氮量为240 kg/hm^(2)氮肥基追比T2(3∶7)、T3(4∶6)、T4(5∶5)、T6(6∶4)和T6(7∶3)处理。研究小麦水氮利用效率以及土壤含水量、贮水量、氮素动态变化规律。结果表明,砂壤质土壤氮肥基追比3∶7的处理水分利用效率、氮肥生产效率最高,分别为21.00 kg/(hm^(2)·mm)和24.36kg/kg。土壤含水量随土层深度增加而增加,在60~80 cm聚集。氮肥基追比3∶7的处理土壤贮水量、NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N在小麦生育期都有较高值,可以为小麦生长发育提供充足水分和氮素营养。在小麦拔节期0~100 cm土层中NO_3~--N累积量最大,NO_3~--N有向下淋溶的风险,但是随着小麦生长NO_3~--N累积量逐渐减少。因此选用氮肥基追比为3∶7相对较为合理。In order to solve the problem of applying nitrogen fertilizer in sandy soil in Heilonggang Area of Hebei Province,no nitrogen fertilizer is applied,and the total nitrogen application rate is 240 kg/hm^(2) nitrogen base-topdressing ratio treatments at 3∶7,4∶6,5∶5,6∶4 and 7∶3,respectively.The water and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat and the dynamic changes of soil water content,water storage and nitrogen are studied.The results show that the highest water use efficiency(Wue)and nitrogen production efficiency(Nue)of sandy soil at 3∶7 are 21.00 kg(/hm^(2)·mm)and 24.36 kg/kg,respectively.Soil water content increases with the increase in soil depth and accumulates at 60~80 cm.The soil water storage,NH4+-N and NO3--N of the treatment with nitrogen base-topdressing ratio of 3∶7 had higher values in the growth period of wheat,which could provide sufficient water and nitrogen nutrition for the growth and development of wheat.The accumulation of NO3--N is the highest in 0~100 cm soil layer at jointing stage,and there is a risk of downward leaching of NO3--N,but the accumulation of NO3--N decreases with the growth of wheat.Therefore,it is relatively reasonable to choose the nitrogen fertilizer base-topdressing ratio of 3∶7.

关 键 词：冬小麦 氮肥基追比 砂壤质土壤 土壤水氮分布 水氮利用效率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程]