2015—2019年连云港市疑似预防接种异常反应监测分析  

Analysis on surveillance of adverse events following immunization in Lianyungang City from 2015-2019

作　　者：谷利妞[1] 陈秀丽[1] GU Li-niu;CHEN Xiu-li(Department of Immunization Program,Lianyungang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Lianyungang Jiangsu,222003,China)

机构地区：[1]连云港市疾病预防控制中心免疫规划科,江苏连云港222003

出　　处：《职业与健康》2020年第24期3428-3430,3434,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的分析2015—2019年连云港市疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)发生特征,为疫苗的安全使用提供参考依据。方法采用Excel、SPSS和描述流行病学方法进行数据统计分析。结果 2015—2019年连云港市累计报告AEFI病例6 757例,平均报告发生率为75.91/10万剂。第2、3季度发生AEFI病例4 416例(65.35%);≤1岁5 106例(75.57%);在接种后1天内出现AEFI病例5 840例(86.43%)。一般反应6 250例(92.50%),异常反应502例(7.43%)。一般反应主要以发热、局部红肿为主,异常反应主要以过敏性皮疹为主。一般反应、异常反应、严重异常反应报告发生率分别为70.22/10万剂、5.64/10万剂和0.10/10万剂。免疫规划疫苗中AEFI发生率较高的疫苗为无细胞百白破疫苗(236.57/10万剂)、白破疫苗(168.73/10万剂)和麻风疫苗(167.67/10万剂)。结论 2015—2019年连云港市AEFI以一般反应为主,严重异常反应发生率极低。需重点关注1岁内儿童疫苗接种后24 h内AEFI发生情况。Objective To analyze the characteristics of adverse events following immunization(AEFI) in Lianyungang City from2015-2019, provide evidence for the safe use of vaccine. Methods Excel software, SPSS software and descriptive statistical method were used to analyze the data. Results Totally 6 757 cases of AEFI were reported in Lianyungang City from 2015-2019,and the average reported incidence was 75.91/100 000 doses. 4 416 cases(65.35%) occurred in the second and third quarter,5 106 cases(75.57%) were among children less than 1 year old, and 5 840 cases(86.43%)appeared within 1 day after vaccination. A total of 6 250 common vaccine reactions and 502 rare vaccine reactions were reported,accounting for 92.50% and 7.43%respectively. The common vaccine reactions mainly showed fever,redness and swelling at the vaccination site,while the rare vaccine reactions was anaphylactic rash. The reported incidence rate of common vaccine reactions,rare vaccine reactions and serious rare vaccine reactions were 70.22/100 000 doses,5.64/100 000 doses and 0.10/100 000 doses, respectively. The top three AEFI incidence among national immunization program vaccines were diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis combined vaccine(236.57/100 000 doses),diphtheria and tetanus combined vaccine(168.73/100 000 doses) and measles and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine(167.67/100 000 doses). Conclusion Most AEFI cases are common vaccine reactions and with an extremely low rate of serious vaccine reactions in Lianyungang City from 2015-2019. Special attention should be paid to the AEFI occurring within 24 hours after immunization of children under 1 year old.

关 键 词：疑似预防接种异常反应 监测 疫苗 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]