土壤养分对菊科一年生入侵种和本地种繁殖性状的影响  

Effects of soil nutrients on reproductive traits of invasive and native annual Asteraceae plants

作　　者：王亚[1] 王玮倩 王钦克 李晓霞[1] 刘延[1] 黄乔乔[1] Ya Wang;Weiqian Wang;Qinke Wang;Xiaoxia Li;Yan Liu;Qiaoqiao Huang(Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Environment and Plant Protection Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101;College of Plant Protection,Hainan University,Haikou 570228)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部热带作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海口571101 [2]海南大学植物保护学院,海口570228

出　　处：《生物多样性》2021年第1期1-9,共9页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31670547);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(hzsjy2018002)。

摘　　要：入侵植物繁殖性状的研究可为揭示植物入侵机制提供重要的科学依据。为研究土壤养分对入侵植物和本地植物繁殖性状的影响,并进一步研究养分添加是否更能促进入侵植物的繁殖能力,我们设置了低、高两个养分水平,通过同质园实验比较了不同土壤养分对假臭草(Praxelis clematidea)、胜红蓟(Ageratum conyzoides)、三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa) 3种菊科一年生入侵种和夜香牛(Vernonia cinerea)、一点红(Emilia sonchifolia)、墨旱莲(Eclipta prostrata) 3种本地种繁殖性状的影响。研究结果显示,养分添加提高了6种菊科植物的开花株高、株高、地上生物量、单粒种子重量、总花序数、每花序种子数、总种子数量、总种子重量,并使开花时间提前、花期延长。养分添加对入侵种的开花株高和单粒种子重量的提高幅度要比本地种更显著。相对于部分本地植物(夜香牛、墨旱莲),养分添加更能促进部分入侵植物(假臭草、胜红蓟)的繁殖能力。三叶鬼针草和一点红的总种子数量和总种子重量在两种土壤养分水平下均较小。本地种墨旱莲的总种子数量和总种子重量在低养分条件下高于3个入侵种。这些结果表明,高土壤养分仅能促进部分入侵植物相对于部分本地植物的繁殖能力。Aims: Understanding the reproductive strategy of invasive plants is fundamental to identify the mechanisms of plant invasion and success. In order to understand how soil nutrient conditions influence reproductive capacity in native and invasive plants, and specifically whether nutrient addition increases the reproductive capacity more for the invasive plants, we conducted a common garden experiment. Method: In low and high soil nutrient conditions we measured and compared the reproductive traits of annual Asteraceae plants including the invasive species(Praxelis clematidea, Ageratum conyzoides, and Bidens pilosa) and native species(Vernonia cinerea, Emilia sonchifolia, and Eclipta prostrata). Results: We found that nutrient addition increased the flowering plant height, plant height, aboveground biomass, single seed weight, total inflorescence number, seed number per inflorescence, total seed number and total seed weight of all Asteraceae plants, and also advanced the flowering time and extended the duration of flowering. Nutrient addition increased the flowering plant height and single seed weight of invasive species more than those of native species, and in some invasive species(P. clematidea and A. conyzoides) it increased the reproductive capacity compared to some native sepcies(V. cinerea and Eclipta prostrata). The total seed number and total seed weight of B. pilosa and Emilia sonchifolia were small under both low and high soil nutrient conditions. The total seed number of the native Eclipta prostrata was higher than that of the three invasive sepcies under low soil nutrient condition, and its total seed weight was higher than that of the three invasive sepcies. Conclusion: These results indicate that high soil nutrients promote the reproductive capacity of some but not all invasive plants compared with native plants.

关 键 词：繁殖能力 繁殖性状 入侵植物 本地植物 土壤养分 

分 类 号：Q948.113[生物学—植物学]