养殖模式对草鱼池塘底泥微生物群落结构影响的分析  

Effect of culture modes on microbial community structure of sediments in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus ponds

作　　者：章海鑫[1] 余智杰[1] 张燕萍[1] 张爱芳[1] 王生 李涵 付辉云[1] ZHANG Hai-xin;YU Zhi-jie;ZHANG Yan-ping;ZHANG Ai-fang;WANG Sheng;LI Han;FU Hui-yun(Jiangxi Provincial Fisheries Research Institute,Nanchang 330039,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省水产科学研究所,南昌330039

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2021年第2期3-12,共10页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：江西现代农业科研协同创新项目(JXXTCX201602-04);江西省重大科技项目(20161ACF60020)。

摘　　要：为了解养殖模式对主养草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)池塘底泥微生物群落结构的影响,使用高通量测序方法分析了山塘、精养和鱼菜共生三种模式下草鱼池塘底泥微生物的结构特征。结果显示:(1)精养池塘水体COD_(Mn)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)[(35.67~108.34)mg/L、(3.40~7.93)mg/L、(1.35~2.19)mg/L]显著高于山塘[(2.67~24.33)mg/L、(0.77~3.30)mg/L、(0.38~0.77)mg/L]和鱼菜共生池塘[(31.67~58.50)mg/L、(2.40~3.43)mg/L、(0.81~1.22)mg/L],且养殖后期呈上升趋势,山塘和鱼菜共生池塘后期呈下降趋势。(2)三种模式条件下底泥微生物群落结构存在显著差异,但鱼菜共生与精养池塘底泥菌群结构相似性高于山塘模式;山塘池塘底泥微生物丰富度显著低于鱼菜共生和精养池塘,但多样性无显著性差异;山塘菌群多样性指数与环境因子无相关性,但精养模式ACE指数与TN、NH^(+)_(4)、TP、DO呈显著负相关,Shannon指数与TN和DO呈显著负相关;鱼菜共生模式ACE指数与NH^(+)_(4)、TP、COD_(Mn)呈显著正相关,Shannon指数与NH^(+)_(4)、TP、DO呈显著正相关。(3)山塘池塘核心菌群四季变化差异大;鱼菜共生和精养池塘核心菌群四季均以地杆菌属(Geobacter)、厌氧粘细菌属(Anaeromyxobacter)和脱氯单胞菌属(Dechloromonas)等厌氧和兼性厌氧菌为主。结果表明,鱼菜共生模式底泥微生物群落受环境因子影响小,能够达到控制水体COD_(Mn)和TN的目的。To explore the influence of culture modes on microbial community structure of sediments in grass carp culture pond,we analyzed the microbial structure in sediments of grass carp culture ponds by high throughput sequencing technology and three culture modes were investigated,including mountain pond culture,intensive culture and aquaponics mode.Results show that:(1)The COD(Mn),TN and TP contents in water body of the intensive culture pond[(35.67~108.34)mg/L,(3.40~7.93)mg/L,(1.35~2.19)mg/L]were significantly higher than those in the mountain pond[(2.67~24.33)mg/L,(0.77~3.30)mg/L,(0.38~0.77)mg/L]and fish-vegetable co-existing pond[(31.67~58.50)mg/L,(2.40~3.43)mg/L,(0.81~1.22)mg/L].The values trended upward in the intensive culture pond,while trended downward in the other two ponds.(2)The microbial community structure of the sediment presented significant differences under the three culture modes,with higher community similarity in fish-vegetable coexisting pond and intensive culture pond.The abundance of the microbial community in mountain pond sediment was significantly lower than that in fish-vegetable co-existing pond and intensive culture pond,but no significant differences were observed in the community diversity between the three modes.There was no correlation between community diversity and environmental factors in mountain pond,however,community richness(ACE)index of the intensive culture pond had significantly negative correlation with TN,NH^(+)_(4),TP and DO,and Shannon diversity index was significantly negatively correlated with TN and DO;ACE index in fish-vegetable coexisting culture pond was significantly positively correlated with NH^(+)_(4),TP,COD(Mn),and Shannon index was significantly positively correlated with NH^(+)_(4),TP and DO.(3)The core microflora of the mountain pond varied in four seasons.The core microflora in fish-vegetable coexisting and intensive culture ponds were dominated by anaerobic and facultative anaerobes for four seasons,such as Geobacter,Anaeromyxobacter and Dechloromonas.The r

关 键 词：草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus) 养殖模式 微生物群落结构 底泥 

分 类 号：S917.1[农业科学—水产科学]