技术嵌入与危机学习:大数据技术如何推进城市应急管理创新?——基于健康码扩散的实证分析  

Technology-Embedded and Learning from Crisis: How Big Data Technology Promotes innovation in Urban Emergency Management? An Empirical Analysis Based on Health QR Code Diffusion

作　　者：邹伟 李娉 ZOU Wei;LI Ping

机构地区：[1]中山大学政治与公共事务管理学院,广东广州510275 [2]华北电力大学(北京)人文与社会科学学院,北京102206

出　　处：《城市发展研究》2021年第2期90-96,共7页Urban Development Studies

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)(20XNH021);北大-林肯研究院城市发展与土地政策研究中心论文奖学金资助项目(DS08-20201001-ZW)。

摘　　要：大数据技术不仅带来了常规情境下的城市治理创新,还会推动公共危机事件中的城市间学习,并触发应急管理领域的范式变革。通过构建"技术嵌入—危机学习"的分析框架,区分了三种类型的危机学习:技术采纳型学习、技术倍增型学习、技术耦合型学习。然后,选择健康码的扩散进行典型案例研究,总结技术嵌入与危机学习的发生逻辑。研究发现,大型互联网企业所在城市更可能成为学习源,形成应急创新;囿于危机学习的时间非常有限,为迅速化解危机,其他城市会直接对接先驱地区已有的技术平台,形成以技术发源地为中心的学习网络。在市场竞争的驱动下,不同企业争相研发新技术,从而衍生出多个危机学习簇群。大数据技术主要通过技术移植、市场博弈、跨域整合三个机制助推城市应急创新,也面临创新持续性、技术可靠性、信息安全性三重困境。While bringing the innovation in urban governance under conventional circumstances, big data technologies promotes intergovernmental learning in public crisis events and triggers paradigm changes in the field of emergency management. This paper constructs an analysis framework of "technology embedding-crisis learning" and distinguishes three types of crisis learning: technology adoption learning, technology multiplication learning, and technology coupling learning. Then, the "Health QR Code" diffusion was studied as a typical case to summarize the genetic logic of technology embedding and learning from crisis. The findings suggest that places, where large-sized internet enterprises are based, are more likely to become learning sources and produce urban emergency management innovations. Due to the limited time of crisis learning, in order to quickly resolve the crisis, other places will directly connect to the existing technical platforms of the pioneer areas to form a technology source-centered learning network. Driven by market competition, different enterprises scramble for new technologies and thus develop into a number of learning clusters. Big data technology mainly promotes urban emergency innovation through three mechanisms: technology transplantation, market game, and cross-region integration. It also faces the triple dilemma of innovation continuity, technical reliability, and information security.

关 键 词：技术嵌入 危机学习 大数据 应急管理 健康码 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]