6061-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊工艺及性能研究  

Study on technology and properties of friction stir welding for 6061-T6 aluminum alloy

作　　者：邱宇 孟强 董继红[1,2] 郭晓娟 赵华夏[1,2] 罗锐[3] QIU Yu;MENG Qiang;DONG Ji-hong;GUO Xiao-juan;ZHAO Hua-xia;LUO Rui(AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute,Beijing 100024,China;Beijing FSW Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100024,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航空制造技术研究院,北京100024 [2]北京赛福斯特技术有限公司,北京100024 [3]江苏大学材料科学与工程学院,江苏镇江212013

出　　处：《塑性工程学报》2021年第2期86-91,共6页Journal of Plasticity Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51971206);国防基础科研项目(JCKY2017205B032)。

摘　　要：针对6 mm厚6061-T6铝合金开展搅拌摩擦焊焊接工艺优化,分析焊接接头的组织,并对接头的拉伸、弯曲、硬度和冲击等性能进行研究。结果表明:当选用旋转速度1400 r·min^(-1)、焊接速度700 mm·min^(-1)的焊接参数时,可获得无缺陷的焊缝,焊接接头各区域组织过渡均匀,焊核区组织为细小的等轴状晶粒;焊接接头的抗拉强度为252.89 MPa,达到母材的80.45%,屈服强度为172.68 MPa,焊接接头的断裂发生在后退侧,断口具有韧性断裂的韧窝状特征;焊接接头经过180°正弯和背弯后,未观察到裂纹;焊接接头横截面的硬度曲线呈"W"形,硬度最高点在焊核区、最低点在后退侧的热影响区;焊缝具有较好的韧性,其平均冲击功是母材的2.87倍。Process optimization of friction stir welding was carried out for 6061-T6 aluminum alloy with thickness of 6 mm,the microstructure of welded joint was analyzed,and the properties of the joint such as tensile,bending,hardness and impact were studied.The results show that when the rotation speed is 1400 r·min^(-1) and welding speed is 700 mm·min^(-1),non-defect welds are obtained.The microstructure transition in each zone of the welded joint is uniform,and the microstructure of weld nugget zone is fine equiaxial grain.The tensile strength of the welded joint is 252.89 MPa,reaches 80.45% of the base metal,the yield strength is 172.68 MPa.The fracture of the welded joint occurrs on the retreating side,and the fracture has the dimple shape characteristic of ductile fracture.No cracks are observed on the welded joint after 180°positive and back bending.The hardness curve of cross section of the welded joint is in‘W’shape.The maximum hardness is in the nugget zone and the minimum hardness is in the heat affected zone of the retreating side.The weld has good toughness,and its average impact energy is 2.87 times than that of the base material.

关 键 词：铝合金 搅拌摩擦焊 组织 性能 

分 类 号：TG453.9[金属学及工艺—焊接]