过渡族金属轻元素化合物薄膜强韧化的研究进展  

Research Progress on Strengthening-Toughening for Compounds of Transition-Metal and Light-Element Atoms

作　　者：谷鑫磊 张侃[1,2] 文懋[1,2] 郑伟涛[1,2] GU Xinlei;ZHANG Kan;WEN Mao;ZHENG Weitao(State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials,Jilin University,Changchun 130025,China;College of Materials Science and Engineering,Jilin University,Changchun 130025,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学超硬材料国家重点实验室,吉林长春130025 [2]吉林大学材料科学与工程学院,吉林长春130025

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2021年第3期167-177,共11页Materials China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51972139,51602122,51871109)。

摘　　要：由于过渡族金属具有极高的电子密度和抗压缩能力,而轻元素的共价键网络能强力抵抗形变,综合它们所长形成的化合物多为硬质(维氏硬度>20 GPa)甚至超硬材料(维氏硬度>40 GPa)。基于此,过渡族金属轻元素化合物薄膜为切削刀具、钻具、耐磨涂层和发动机部件等关键技术领域提供了重要的材料基础。然而,高硬度通常伴随着高脆性(低韧性),使裂纹萌生后快速扩展,导致材料在服役中突然断裂,从而降低材料的可靠性和使用寿命。因此,解决硬度与韧性的矛盾并实现材料综合性能的提高(强韧化)虽然极具挑战,但是意义重大。综述了过渡族金属轻元素化合物薄膜强韧化的常用手段和机理,介绍了在强韧化的基础上薄膜展现出的其他优异性能。通过全面总结分析,提出了薄膜强韧化亟待解决的科学问题和重要的研究方向。Owing to high valence electron density and incompressibility of heavy transition-metal(TM),as well as the deformation resistance of light element(LE)atoms with strong covalent bonding,the compounds of TM and LE atoms exhibit hard(Vickers hardness>20 GPa),even superhard(Vickers hardness>40 GPa)characteristic.Based on that,The superhard/hard films are crucial and fundamental materials for applications in key technological fields,including cutting and drilling tools,wear-resistant coatings,and engine components.However,high hardness always brings with high brittleness(low toughness),which is in favor for cracks initiation and propagation.It might result in the materials fracture and decrease the reliability and service life of materials.Therefore,to deal with the conflict between hardness and toughness of superhard/hard films for achieving excellent comprehensive properties is full of challenges but also significant.The common methods and mechanisms of strengthening and toughening for superhard/hard films were reviewed in this paper.Furthermore,the other excellent properties of superhard/hard films obtained based on strengthening and toughening were introduced.Eventually,the urgent scientific problems and important research directions in the field of strengthening and toughening for superhard/hard films were put forword.

关 键 词：超硬薄膜材料 过渡族金属 轻元素 化合物 强韧化 

分 类 号：O614[理学—无机化学] TB383[理学—化学]