高空抛物“入刑”的正当根据及其体系性诠释  

The Legitimate Foundation and Systematic Interpretation of the Criminal Regulation of Dropping Objects

作　　者：曹波 CAO Bo(School of Law,Guzhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学法学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《河北法学》2021年第2期157-173,共17页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第67批面上资助项目《刑事治理现代化内在逻辑与推进路径研究》(2020M673298)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：高空抛物"入刑"是以抽象危险犯的形式将危及公共安全的高空抛物行为纳入刑法规制的范围,是刑法积极应对日渐高发频发、社会危害日益严重高空抛物现象的必要之举,是完善高空抛物法律规制体系、纠正刑事司法长期偏误的内在要求,是刑事立法兼顾罪刑法定和罪责刑相适应两大刑法基本原则的重要表现,契合了新时代社会发展的客观需要,具备刑事法理的正当根据,理应得到理解包容和肯定支持。高空抛物"入刑"后,高空抛物的刑法评价应坚持类型性和体系性原则:对尚未危及公共安全的高空抛物,应当依法认定为无罪;对仅具有抽象危险之危及公共安全的高空抛物,应当认定为《刑法修正案(十一)》新增之高空抛物罪(暂定);对造成足以危害公共安全之具体危险或者危害公共安全实害结果的高空抛物,应依法认定为以危险方法危害公共安全罪;对造成特定或者少数人人身财产损失的高空抛物,应当结合损害后果的具体表现和主观罪过的具体形式,依法认定为侵害公民人身权犯罪或财产犯罪。In the form of abstract potential damage offense,the behavior of dropping objects is included in the regulative scope of criminal law, which it should be given understanding and positive support. It is considered as necessity of copping with the phenomenon of dropping objects from height which becomes more and more frequent and dangerous to social security. It is also the intrinsic calling of improving the legal regulation system of the behavior and correcting long-term errors in Criminal Justice.It demonstrates that Criminal Law ’s endeavour to strike a balance between the Principle of Legality for a Crime and the Principle of Correspondence between Crime and Responsibility. Besides,the criminal regulation of dropping objects meets the objective needs of social development in the new era and has the legitimate foundation of criminal jurisprudence. After the criminalization of dropping objects from height,the judicial evaluation of the behavior should adhere to typical and systematic principles. To be specific,it should not be treated as crime if the behavior does not even endanger the public security. It should be treated as the Crime of Dropping Objects and the Crime of Endangering Public Safety with Dangerous Means if the behaviour has posed abstract potential damage and concrete potential damage to public security respectively. Last but not least,it should be published as the crime which infringes upon citizen’ s personal right or property right when the behaviour has caused damages to specific person or minority.

关 键 词：高空抛物 刑法规制 抽象危险犯 危及公共安全 罪刑法定原则 

分 类 号：DF62[政治法律—刑法学]