“四荒地”土地经营权流转规则的法教义学分析  

Interpretation of the Transfer Rules of Land Management Rights of“Four Kinds of the Wasteland”

作　　者：吴昭军 WU Zhao-jun(School of Land Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Center for Land Policy and Law,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院,北京100193 [2]中国农业大学中国土地政策与法律研究中心,北京100193

出　　处：《安徽师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第2期135-143,共9页Journal of Anhui Normal University(Hum.&Soc.Sci.)

基　　金：研究阐释党的十九届四中全会精神国家社科基金重大项目(20ZDA046)。

摘　　要："四荒地"土地经营权是承包地"三权分置"的体系产物,但是《农村土地承包法》的结构体系化存在不彻底性,造成"四荒地"土地经营权流转规则的解释困难。"四荒地"土地经营权流转应区分设立环节和再流转环节。《农村土地承包法》第45条关于工商资本下乡的行政许可规则不宜类推适用于"四荒地"。登记是"四荒地"土地经营权的对抗要件而非设立要件。登记取得权属证书不是"四荒地"土地经营权再流转的效力性强制性规定。承包方将"四荒地"土地经营权向本集体外部再流转时,须经集体成员民主决议通过。转让不属于再流转方式,但属于"四荒地"土地经营权的处分方式。"四荒地"土地经营权抵押不以办理土地经营权登记为必要前提,其不能准用《农村土地承包法》第47条,应依据《民法典》的抵押权一般规则,采登记设立模式。The land management right of“four kinds of the wasteland”is the systematic product of the“separation of three rights”of contracted land.However,the structural systematization of the Rural Land Contract Law is not thorough,which makes it difficult to interpret the transfer rules of the“four wasteland”land management right.The circulation of the land management right of“four kinds of the wasteland”should be divided into establishment and recirculation.Article 45 of the Rural Land Contract Law on the administrative licensing rules of industrial and commercial capital to the countryside should not be applied to“four kinds of the wasteland”by analogy.Registration is the key element of the“four kinds of the wasteland”land management right,but not the establishment requirement.Registration and acquisition of ownership certificate is not a mandatory requirement for the recirculation of land management right of“four kinds of the wasteland”.When the contractor transfers the land management right of“four kinds of the wasteland”to the outside of the collective,it must be approved by collective members democratic resolution.The transfer does not belong to the way of recirculation,but belongs to the disposition of the land management right of“four kinds of the wasteland”.The mortgage of“four kinds of the the wasteland”land management rights are not based on the registration of land management rights,and Article 47 of the rural land contract law cannot be applied.The registration mode should be adopted according to the general rules of a mortgage in the civil code.

关 键 词：土地经营权 四荒地 土地承包经营权 以其他方式承包 

分 类 号：D912.3[政治法律—法学]