超越“诺斯悖论”:从制度性能到治理效能——以宅改为研究对象  

Beyond “North Paradox”: From Institutional Performance to Governance Efficiency ——Taking the Reform of Residential Land System as the Research Object

作　　者：袁方成[1] 王丹[1] YUAN Fang-cheng;WAN Dan(Provincial Governance Research Institute,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学省域治理研究院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《广西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第1期67-81,共15页Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：2019年度中宣部宣传思想文化青年英才自主选题项目“重大突发公共卫生事件社会治理研究”(20SGYP001);2020年度中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“重大突发公共卫生事件中的社会治理体系建设”(CCNU20DC003)。

摘　　要：制度过程视角下的"诺斯悖论",既是制度困境,也是治理困境,化解悖论实质是制度优势发挥和治理效能提升的过程。鉴于国家公共利益代表者和理性"经济人"双重身份的内在张力,由国家发起的以促进公共利益最大化的宅基地制度改革,因作为国家代理人的地方政府对自身利益最大化的追求,体现为"利己"的规则制定以及实践层面的强制退地、与民争利等行为,不仅影响长期实践形成的制度优势,也抑制了制度治理效能的发挥。试点地区采取的调整改革目标、创新制度设计、完善主体结构以及规范制度过程等系列探索实践,使得制度整体性能显著提升。加之"四个治理"对制度优势的回应,制度蕴含的守住耕地、留住居民、稳定社会的治理效能得以发挥。个案经验表明,化解因政府角色张力造成的制度及治理困境,其关键在于将制度优势转化为制度性能,强化制度治理,以制度性能与治理实践的有机结合实现对"诺斯悖论"的超越。"North paradox", from the perspective of institutional process, is, in institution and governance, a dilemma, to resolve which is to exert institutional advantages and enhance governance efficiency. In view of the inherent tension of the state’s dual identity of public interest representative and rational "economic man", the reform of residential land system initiated by the state to promote the maximization of public interests, not only impacts the institutional advantages formed in long-term practice, but also inhibits the exertion of institutional governance efficiency, for the local government, as the state agent, haspursued the maximization of its own interests in rule-making,in forced return of residential land, and in competing interests with the people. The pilot areas have adopted a series of exploration practices such as adjusting the reform objectives, innovating the system design, perfecting the main structure and standardizing the system process, which have significantly improved the whole performance of the system. Besides, with the response of the "Four Governance", the system with the embodied governance efficiency of keeping farmland, retaining residents and stabilizing society. The key to resolve the dilemma of system and governance caused by the tension of government role, a case study shows, lies in transforming institutional advantages into institutional performance, strengthening institutional governance, and organically integrating institutional performance with governance practice, so as to solve the "North paradox".

关 键 词：诺斯悖论 制度性能 治理效能 宅基地改革 多元共治 权益保障 基层治理 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]