播期和种植密度对小麦基部节间性状与抗倒指数的影响  

Effect of Planting Density and Sowing Date on Characteristics of Basal Internode and Lodging Resistance in Wheat

作　　者：袁雅妮 闫素辉 刘良柏 王平信 邵庆勤 张从宇 李文阳 YUAN Yani;YAN Suhui;LIU Liangbai;WANG Pingxin;SHAO Qingqin;ZHANG Congyu;LI Wenyang(School of Agriculture,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Fengyang 233100,China;Anhui Huacheng Seed Industry Co.Ltd,Suzhou 234000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽科技学院农学院,安徽凤阳233100 [2]安徽华成种业股份有限公司,安徽宿州234000

出　　处：《聊城大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第4期88-94,110,共8页Journal of Liaocheng University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300408,2017YFD0301301);安徽自然科学基金项目(1408085MC48,1408085QC54)资助。

摘　　要：为分析播期和密度对小麦茎秆抗倒能力的调控效应,本试验以华成3366为材料,设置正常播期和晚播两个播期处理,各播期下分别设置225万株/hm^(2)、375万株/hm^(2)、525万株/hm^(2)3个种植密度,研究了播期和密度及其互作对小麦产量、株高及基部节间形态学指标、力学特征、化学成分、解剖结构的影响,以明确播期和密度对小麦茎秆抗倒性能的调控效应。结果表明,随着种植密度的增加,小麦产量呈上升趋势。基部节间直径和节间干重的减少,从而导致茎粗系数和节间充实度的降低。半纤维素含量、纤维素含量、N素含量随种植密度的增加而增加。抗折力、针刺力随密度的增加而下降,小麦抗倒伏指数逐渐降低。K素含量也随密度的增加而下降。晚播可以降低植株高和重心高,有效增强小麦倒伏;同时增加小麦植株茎粗系数和节间充实度。晚播条件下的纤维素、木质素、K素含量都显著高于正常播期。相关分析表明抗倒伏指数与基部节间干重、节间直径、K素含量和薄壁组织呈显著正相关,与N素含量呈显著负相关。本研究条件下小麦可以通过提高基部节间干重、节间直径,增加基部节间K素含量、薄壁组织,降低基部节间N素含量来增强其抗倒性能。This experiment is to analyze the regulatory effects of sowing date and planting density on lodging resistance of wheat stalks.The wheat variety Huacheng 3366 was use in this study.There were two sowing dates of normal sowing date and late sowing date,and three planting densities of 2.25 million plants/hm^(2),3.75 million plants/hm^(2) and 5.25 million plants/hm^(2) in this study.The experiment studied the effects of sowing date,density and their interaction on wheat yield,plant height and morphological indexes,mechanical characteristics,chemical composition,and anatomical structure of wheat.These are to clarify the regulatory effects of sowing date and density on lodging resistance of wheat stems.The results showed that the wheat yield increased as planting densities increased as planting densities increased from 2.25 to 5.25 million plants/hm^(2).Internode external diameter and internode dry weight decreased as planting densities increased,resulting in a decrease in stem diameter coefficient and filling degree of indernodes.Hemicellulose content,cellulose content,and N content increase with the increase of planting density.The break force and acupuncture force decrease with the increase of plant density,and the lodging resistance index of wheat also gradually decreases.The K content also decreases with the increase of density.Late sowing can reduce plant height and high center of gravity,effectively enhance wheat lodging;at the same time increase wheat plant stem diameter coefficient and Filling degree of indernodes.The contents of cellulose,lignin and K element under the condition of late sowing are significantly higher than the normal sowing date.The correlation analysis showed that the lodging resistance index were positively correlated with the base internode dry weight,internode diameter,K content and parenchymatous tissue,but negatively correlated with the N content.In this research,wheat can increase its lodging resistance by increasing the dry weight and diameter of the base internodes,increasing the K

关 键 词：小麦 播期 种植密度 基部节间 抗倒能力 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]