基于多目标的磨床床身结构优化设计  

Optimization design of grinding bed structure based on multi-objective

作　　者：甘盛霖 梅益[1] 罗宁康 鄢天灿 吴巧 GAN Shenglin;MEI Yi;LUO Ningkang;YAN Tiancan;WU Qiao(College of Mechanical Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学机械工程学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《现代制造工程》2021年第3期132-137,共6页Modern Manufacturing Engineering

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2017]2010);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2018]2175)。

摘　　要：在充分考虑磨床床身动静态特性及床身整体质量的前提下,针对某型号五轴联动数控磨床床身内部筋板布局及筋板厚度尺寸的最优化选取,提出了一种基于多目标优化理论基础、以优化过程中床身最大静变形为约束、以床身整体质量及一阶固有频率为优化目标的床身结构优化设计方法。利用ANSYS Workbench软件进行有限元分析及优化,并通过灵敏度分析得到影响磨床床身动静态特性及床身整体质量的参数的权重占比,确定磨床床身在动静态特性下的薄弱环节及主要影响参数;在不改变床身基本尺寸的条件下,对床身内部筋板布局及筋板厚度尺寸进行优化,根据寻优结果,得到了床身的最佳优化方案。最终仿真结果表明,在床身整体质量减少40.4 kg的情况下,其最大静变形减小11.3%,一阶固有频率提升了4.2%;与传统优化方法中提升固有频率、减小最大静变形量往往会造成床身整体质量增加的结果相比,该方法更为有效。On the premise of fully considering the dynamic and static characteristics of the grinding bed and the overall quality of the bed body,aiming at the optimization selection of the rib plate layout and rib plate thickness in the bed of a certain type of five-axis CNC grinder,an optimization design method of the bed structure was proposed,which was based on the multi-objective optimization theory,taking the maximum static deformation of the bed as the constraint in the optimization process,and aiming at the overall quality of the bed and the first-order natural frequency.Finite element analysis and optimization were carried out by ANSYS Workbench software,and the weight ratio of parameters affecting the dynamic and static characteristics and the overall quality of the bed was obtained by sensitivity analysis.The weak links and main influencing parameters of the grinding bed under the dynamic and static characteristics were determined.Under the condition of not changing the basic size of the bed body,the layout of the inner rib plate and the thickness size of the rib plate were optimized.The optimum optimization scheme was obtained according to the optimization results.Finally,the simulation results show that the maximum static deformation decreases by 11.3%and the first order-natural frequency increases by 4.2%when the overall quality of the bed is reduced by 40.4 kg.Compared with the traditional optimization method,the method is more effective than the result that increasing the natural frequency and decreasing the maximum static deformation often increase the overall quality of the bed.

关 键 词：磨床床身 有限元分析 多目标优化 

分 类 号：TH12[机械工程—机械设计及理论]