博物馆职业主义的早期实践及其反思  

Early Practices of Museum Professionalism and A Reflection

作　　者：张昱 ZHANG Yu(Institute of Literature,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,Shanghai,200235)

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院文学研究所,上海200235

出　　处：《东南文化》2021年第1期138-144,共7页Southeast Culture

摘　　要：职业主义产生于19世纪末至20世纪初,是西方社会的一种职业意识觉醒和职业制度建设。20世纪70年代新博物馆学诞生前,博物馆职业主义经历了早期实践阶段,具体表现在:博物馆的社会服务意识产生,专门职业获得认同,专业组织相继成立,专业培训课程建立,对伦理道德愈发关注等。这一阶段的发展及对其弊端的反思,为此后博物馆的改革明确了方向:注重专业人员培养,陈列展览和文化传播探索出新理念、新方法,拓展更多样化的社会职能。这些经验和教训为我国博物馆从业人员的职业化建设提供了理性依据,即博物馆为社会服务是人员职业化的最终目的,有序推进职业标准的制定,继续强化专业教育与职业培训,激发专业组织更大的行业引导作用等。Emerged from the end of the 19 th century to the beginning of the 20 th century,professionalism represents the awakening of professional consciousness and professional system construction in Wes-tern society.Before the rise of the New Museology in the 1970 s,museum professionalism experienced an early stage of development as shown in the following practices:the generation of social service consciousness,the recognition of specialized occupations,the establishment of professional organizations,the provision of professional training courses,and the increasing attention to professional ethics.The development at this stage and reflection on its drawbacks have pointed out the direction for reforms to museums:paying more attention to the training of professionals,exploring new ideas and methods for cultural communication in exhibitions,and identifying more diversified museum functions.The experiences and lessons achieved during the early exploration provide important references for the museum professional construction in China.Museums should regard public service as the ultimate goal of professionalization,promote the formation of profession standards,continue to strengthen professional education and career training,and play a more active guiding role as professional organizations.

关 键 词：博物馆职业主义 博物馆伦理道德 博物馆培训 博物馆行业协会 

分 类 号：G260[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]