有机物料对盐化潮土性质及甜菜品质和效益的影响  

Effects of Organic Materials on the Properties of Salinized Tidal Soil and Quality and Benefits of Sugar Beet

作　　者：魏淑莲 WEI Shulian(Su'nan Natural Resources Bureau of Yugur Autonom ous County,Su'nan 734000,China)

机构地区：[1]肃南裕固族自治县自然资源局,甘肃肃南734000

出　　处：《蔬菜》2021年第3期19-24,共6页Vegetables

基　　金：甘肃省农业农村厅项目(2018GSNYNC012)。

摘　　要：为了解决长期施用化肥导致盐化潮土质量和甜菜品质下降的问题,研究了牛粪、油菜籽饼、玉米秸秆和食用菌渣对河西内陆灌区盐化潮土性质及甜菜含糖率和效益的影响。结果表明:与化肥(CK_(2))比较,牛粪有利于降低盐化潮土容重,增加孔隙度和团聚体,容重降低8.82%,总孔隙度和团聚体分别增加4.53和8.28个百分点;玉米秸秆有利于提高盐化潮土有机质及阳离子交换量(CEC)和酶活性,有机质、CEC及蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶活性分别增加36.93%、36.98%、17.69%、60.66%、23.75%和42.55%;食用菌渣有利于降低pH值,降低了5.85%;牛粪、玉米秸秆可显著降低全盐含量,分别降低了6.52%、5.80%;油菜籽饼有利于提高甜菜植株长势、产量、含糖率和经济效益,叶丛高度、单株鲜叶质量、根体长度、根直径、单株根质量和根产量分别增加16.28%、12.96%、13.00%、10.01%、8.42%和5.02%,含糖率提高1.35个百分点,施肥利润增加1 620.54元/hm2。施用有机物料改善了盐化潮土理化性质,提高了甜菜含糖率和经济效益。In order to solve the problems that the quality of salinized tidal soil and sugar beet decreased due to long-term application of chemical fertilizers,the effects of cow dung,rapeseed cake,corn straw and edible mushroom residue on the properties of salinized tidal soil and sugar content and benefits of sugar beet in Hexi inland irrigation area were studied.The results showed that treatment of cow dung was beneficial to decrease the soil bulk density of salinization tide by 8.82%,increase the total porosity and aggregates by 4.53 and 8.28 percentage points,respectively,compared with the treatment of chemical fertilizer.Corn straw was beneficial to increase the activity of organic matter,CEC and enzyme in salinized tidal soil.Compared with chemical fertilizer,organic matter,CEC and the activities of sucrase,urease,phosphatase and polyphenol oxidase increased by 36.93%,36.98%,17.69%,60.66%,23.75% and 42.55%,respectively.Compared with chemical fertilizer,the pH value of edible mushroom residue reduced by 5.85%.Cow dung and corn straw could significantly reduce the total salt content by 6.52% and 5.80%,respectively.Compared with chemical fertilizer,the height of leaf cluster,fresh leaf weight per plant,root length,root diameter,root weight per plant and root yield increased by 16.28%,12.96%,13.00%,10.01%,8.42% and 5.02%,respectively,the sugar content increased by 1.35 percentage points,and the profit increased by 1 620.54 yuan/hm2.The application of organic materials improved the physical and chemical properties of salinized tidal soil and the sugar content and economic benefits of sugar beet.

关 键 词：有机物料 盐化潮土 甜菜 含糖率 经济效益 

分 类 号：S566.3[农业科学—作物学] S156.4