侵害未成年人案件强制报告制度的法理基础与规范逻辑  

Legal Basis and Canonical Logic of Mandatory Reporting System of Cases of Infringement on Juveniles

作　　者：自正法 ZI Zheng-fa(School of Law,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学法学院,重庆400044

出　　处：《内蒙古社会科学》2021年第2期97-105,共9页Inner Mongolia Social Sciences

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费资助“互联网法院运行逻辑的理论基础与完善路径研究”(编号:2018CDJSK08YJ07);司法部国家法治与法学理论研究课题“有限责任公司股东压制问题研究”(编号:16SFB3028)。

摘　　要：未成年人作为社会主义建设事业的后备力量,其身心的健康历来都受到全社会的高度关注。但在实践中,未成年人受到侵害后“不能告诉”、加害人“不愿告诉”、旁观者“无义务告诉”的局面严重妨碍了对未成年人权益的保障和救济。强制报告制度的引入有力地破解了侵害未成年人案件“隐蔽性高”“发现难”的顽疾,其实践意义是不言而喻的。通过法理分析可知,强制报告制度的建立不仅贯彻了国家亲权主义的理念,落实了平等保护的基本人权观,更是对未成年人最大利益原则的忠实践行,因此其具备充分的法理正当性。通过对域外国家成熟经验的考察发现,各国强制报告主体的涵盖范围较广,强制报告内容的分类较为科学、具体,对未履行报告义务的主体责任追究更具威慑力,同时对善意报告者的保护和责任豁免的考虑也较为周全。域外国家的经验对我国强制报告制度的进一步细化和落实具有一定的参考价值,有助于我们从规范维度厘清强制报告的主体、内容及未履行报告义务的责任。As the reserve force of socialist construction,juveniles'physical and mental health has always been highly concerned by all departments in China.However,in practice,the situation that juveniles are unable to tell,perpetrators unwilling to tell and bystanders no obligation to tell seriously hinder the state's protection of juveniles'rights and interests and timely relief.The introduction of mandatory reporting system has effectively solved the stubborn disease of high concealment and difficult discovery in juvenile infringement cases,which has very important practical significance.Through theoretical analysis,we can see that the establishment of China's mandatory reporting system not only implements the basic concept of Parens Patriae and the basic concept of equal protection of law,but also faithfully practices the principle of the best interests of children,which has full legal legitimacy.Through further investigation on the mature experience of developed countries,it is found that the subject of mandatory reporting system covers a wide range,the classification of content is more scientific and specific,the accountability of the person who fails to fulfill the reporting obligation is more deterrent,the protection and exemption of good faith reporter are also considered comprehensively.The experience of foreign countries has certain value for the further refinement and implementation of China's compulsory reporting system,which helps to clarify the subject and content of compulsory reporting and the responsibility for failure to perform the reporting obligation from the standard dimension.

关 键 词：侵害未成年人 未成年人保护法 强制报告制度 国家亲权 未成年人最大利益原则 

分 类 号：D669.5[政治法律—政治学]