论中国国际铁路运输单证的法律功能与创新  

On the legal function and innovation of China’s international railway transport documents

作　　者：张华[1] 杜鑫时 ZHANG Hua;DU Xin-shi(Department of International Law,China Foreign Affairs University,Beijing 100037,China;Division of Graduate Studies Administration,China Foreign Affairs University, Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]外交学院国际法系,北京100037 [2]外交学院研究生部,北京100037

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2021年第1期56-69,共14页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

摘　　要：分析现阶段中国采用国际铁路运输的进出口企业在结算和融资中的需求,结合现有铁路运单的法律功能,认为需要创制具有权利凭证功能的国际铁路运输单证。针对这一需求,在保证铁路实际承运规则不变的前提下,分析实践中创新出的铁路提单的法律功能,提炼海运提单具有权利凭证的功能的要素作为参考,并结合海运无船承运制度对比分析铁路提单的使用过程,认为可转让铁路提单具有权利凭证功能且其质押符合物权法定,并对相关国内法修改、国际法立法以及二者的协调提出建议与展望。By analyzing the demand of import and export enterprises using international railway transport in settlement and financing at the present stage in China,together with the legal function of the existing consignment notes,the paper concludes that it is necessary to create the international railway transport documents with the function as document of title.In order to meet this requirement,under the premise that the actual railway carriage rules remain unchanged,this paper analyzes the legal function of the railway bill of lading which has been innovated in practice,summarizes the essentials of document of title by quoting bill of lading as a reference,and analyzes the using process of the railway bill of lading in combination with the maritime NVOCC system.It concludes that a negotiable railway bill of lading can serve as a document of title and therefore can be pledged without violating the principle of numerus clausus,and puts forward suggestions and prospects on the revision of relevant domestic laws,the legislation of international law,and the coordination of them.

关 键 词：国际铁路运输 铁路运单 铁路提单 权利凭证 物权法定 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学]