代物清偿协议的诺成性分析  

The defence for consensual datio in solutum

作　　者：黄芬[1] 余萧寒 HUANG Fen;YU Xiao-han(Law School,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2021年第1期79-86,共8页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

摘　　要：代物清偿协议属于诺成性合同,将其认定为要物合同主要是受传统学说的影响以及防止虚假诉讼之需。然而私法史上代物清偿与要物合同并无联系,视代物清偿合同为要物合同实际上是混淆了代物清偿契约本身与代物清偿的履行。代物清偿本质上乃是一种清偿行为,该行为发生的法律原因便是诺成性的代物清偿合同。要物合同的概念产生于意思缺乏约束力的特定历史环境,当下不宜盲目扩大其范围,防止虚假诉讼依赖于法官结合个案具体分析,而不能通过改变合同性质的方式达到该目的。基于意思自治原则,近年来司法实践中也改变了原有观点,将代物清偿协议作为诺成性合同进行规定。Datio in solutum is a kind of consensual contract,the reason for mistaking the contract for real contract is the misreading of the history of private law and the need to prevent false litigation in judicial practice.From the perspective of private law history,the datio in solutum is separated from the real contract,this practice actually confused the two separate concepts of datio in solutum contract and the performance of datio in solutum.Datio in solutum is essentially a kind of liquidation behavior,and the legal reason for this behavior is the consensual contract of datio in solutum.The concept of real contract originates from the specific historical environment in which the meaning lacks binding force.At present,it is not appropriate to blindly expand its scope and prevent false litigation from relying on the specific analysis of the judge combined with the case.This purpose can not be achieved by changing the nature of the contract.Based on the principle of autonomy of will,in recent years,the judicial practice has changed the opinion.

关 键 词：代物清偿 清偿 诺成性合同 要物合同 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]