WTO框架下环保条款的判理演进及挑战  

The evolution of ratio decidendi and challenges about environmental protection clause under the WTO framework

作　　者：戴瑜 DAI Yu(Law School,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院,上海200438

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2021年第1期102-112,共11页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

摘　　要：WTO成立的宗旨在于保障多边自由贸易,因而并没有在其规则中设置专门的环保机制。随着国际社会环保意识的提升,WTO也逐渐关注贸易中的环保问题。专家组和上诉机构通过对GATT第20条中有关环保的例外条款进行解释,澄清了该条款中语意不清或不明确的内容,使构建于几十年前的环保条款能够适用于当代的国际环境问题。通过对与环保有关的贸易纠纷案件判理演进的梳理,可以得出WTO从严格保障自由贸易向有限度倾向环境保护的立场转变的结论。WTO通过演进解释构建了与当代国际法衔接紧密的环保条款的适用规则。但这种演进解释本身亦存在一定问题。“碳关税”“碳排放权交易”和《环境产品协定》定性等WTO环保新议题也对当前的演进解释提出了新的挑战。The purpose of the foundation of WTO is to protect free trade,so there is no special environmental protection mechanism in its rules.With the improvement of environmental protection awareness in the international community,WTO has gradually paid attention to issues about environmental protection in trade.By way of interpretation,the Panel and the Appellate Body have clarified the ambiguous words,phases or contents on the article 20 of GATT which is the exception clause on environmental protection,so that the environmental protection provisions established decades ago can be applied to the contemporary international environmental problems.Based on the analysis of the evolution on the judgments of trade disputes relating to environmental protection,we can draw the conclusion that WTO has changed its position from strict protection of free trade to limited environmental protection.Based on the evolution interpretation,WTO has constructed the applicable rules of environmental protection clauses which are closely connected with the contemporary international law.However,there are still some problems about the interpretation of the evolution itself,and new WTO environmental issues such as“carbon tariffs”,“carbon emission trading”and Environment Goods Agreement challenges the current evolution interpretation.

关 键 词：GATT 环境保护 例外条款 演进解释 WTO新环保议题 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学]